Lead, Biology

Assignment Help:

Lead

It is common cause of poisoning in cattle. Lead poisoning in other species is limited by reduced accessibility, more selective eating habits, or lower susceptibility. In cattle, many cases are associated with seeding and harvesting activities when used oil and battery disposal from machinery is handled improperly. Other sources of lead include paint, linoleum, grease, lead weights, lead shot, and contaminated foliage growing near smelters or along roadsides. Lead poisoning is also encountered in urban environments, and  old houses painted with lead-based paint has been associated with lead poisoning in small animals. After consumption, small portion of lead is absorbed and it is excreted through bile, urine and milk. It causes encephalopathy, gastroenteritis and degeneration of peripheral nerves.

In acute poisoning, animals reveal muscle tremors, champing of jaw, salivation, blindness, muscular twitching, convulsion, hyperasthesia and death. In chronic cases, head pressing, long standing posture, circling, excitement, blindness and mania, grinding of teeth, ruminal stasis, gastroenteritis and abdominal pain are noticed. Animals die as a result of respiratory failure during convulsions. It is diagnosed by clinical signs or by measuring the level of lead in blood and also detected indirectly by measuring delta aminolevulinic acid which decreases in blood in lead toxicity.

Lead levels in various tissues may be useful to evaluate excessive accumulation and to reflect the level or duration of exposure, severity, and prognosis and the success of treatment. Concentrations of lead in the blood at 0.35 ppm, liver at 10 ppm, or kidney cortex at 10 ppm are consistent with a diagnosis of lead poisoning in most species.

The animals can be treated with calcium versenate (calcium EDTA) given @ 100-200 mg/kg body weight intravenously thrice daily for 3-4 days. Thiamine given @ 2 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously also helps in its treatment. Simultaneous use of Ca EDTA and vitamin B has synergistic effect. Use of 400-600 g magnesium sulphate orally precipitates lead.


Related Discussions:- Lead

Db is a standard abbreviation, DB is a standard abbreviation used for the q...

DB is a standard abbreviation used for the quantitative expression of: 1. the density of bacteria in a medium 2. a particular pollutant 3. the dominant Bacillus in a cultu

Equipment and supplies -pre-requisite of nursing unit, Equipment and Suppli...

Equipment and Supplies: Nurses who are aware of location of equipment and supplies do give accurate delivery of patient care without delay and wastage of  time and energy for

What is the indolacetic acid (iaa), What is the indolacetic acid (IAA)? ...

What is the indolacetic acid (IAA)? IAA or Indolacetic acid (indolyl-3-acetic acid) is the major natural auxin made by plants. It promotes plant growth and cellular differentia

What are the other substances resorbed by nephron tubules, Where does most ...

Where does most of the water resorbed after glomerular filtration go? What are the other substances resorbed by the nephron tubules? Only 0.5 to 1% of the glomerular filtrate i

State about glycosylated hemoglobin, Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Hb...

Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) HbA1c should be done routinely for diabetic patients. It reflects the average glycemic (sugar) control over the previous few months and should b

Why is it not correct to assert that the dna, Q. Why is it not correct to a...

Q. Why is it not correct to assert that the DNA self- replicates? The DNA is not completely self-sufficient in its duplication process because the replication does not occur wi

How aggregation occur in sickle-cell anemia, How does aggregation occur in ...

How does aggregation occur in sickle-cell anemia? Place the steps in the correct order from no aggregation to sickle red blood cell. Note that deoxyhemoglobin is generally in the T

What do protozoans eat, What do protozoans "eat"? Do they move in search fo...

What do protozoans "eat"? Do they move in search for food? Protozoans are heterotroph beings, i.e., they do not make their own food and therefore they require to search for it

Vitamins necessity, Vitamins necessity Vitamins are essential organi...

Vitamins necessity Vitamins are essential organic substances. They are micro nutrients and required in small quantities. They do not produce any energy by themselves.

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd