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Once the total volume of an individual vessel has been established the detailed dimensions or mechanical design can be performed. Much of this is based on "Rules of Thumb" built from years of experience. A summary is provided below for a standard Stirred Tank Reactor (STR).
Perhaps the most important factor in the mechanical design of a bioreactor is the height to diameter or aspect ratio as this determines many of the other important bioreactor characteristics. There are relative advantages of increasing either the height or diameter.
(a) Increasing height
i. increases the hydrostatic pressure
Advantage - increases solubility of oxygen
Disadvantage - increases solubility of other gases which may be toxic, e.g. CO2 ii. allows more agitators
Advantage - better power development
Disadvantage - can lead to poor mixing due to compartmentalisation (b) Increasing diameter
i. lowers the superficial (linear) gas velocity
Disadvantage - poor mixing, oxygen transfer ii. reduces wall surface area (per unit volume) available for heat transfer
Disadvantage - leads to temperature control problems
Natural Frequency: This is the frequency of vibration of a system that is undamped and without external excitation while it is disturbed. Forced Vibration: This is the vibra
1. (a) Sketch frequency-response curves for a damped single degree of freedom system subjected to a harmonic excitation under three different damping ratios. The system has a natur
Calculate number of cycles to fracture: If the plastic deformation is taken into consideration calculate number of cycles to fracture in above Example. Solution Δ K I
A hydraulic pipe is 20 cm internal diameter and 5 cm thick. It is needed to sustain an intensities of radial and hoop stress at several radii and plot their variation.
(a) Show that the force exerted by a jet of water on an inclined fixed plate in the dissection of jet is provided by fx = .a.v 2 . sin2θ. Where a is area of jet, v is velocity of j
Washing and Drying a Motorcycle : It is important to wash and dry the motorcycle before servicing. It would ensure cleanliness during the service and would not allow any dust ent
Find the Laplace transform of the following differential equation: ? +3? +6x = 0, x(0) =0, ?(0)=3 Taking the inverse Laplace transform of X(s), obtain the time solution x(t).
Welding Head Submerged arc welding head consists of the wire spool, wire feed system, flux delivery hopper and electrical contact nozzle. The electrode wire is unwound from the s
Q. Use of high temperature materials in Furnaces? Often, furnace tubing and refractory protected membrane walls are fabricated from plain carbon steel with a minimum of 0.25% c
what is dry ness fraction?
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