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Q. Explain working of Public Switched Telephone Network?
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) accommodates two kinds of subscribers: private andpublic. Subscribers to private sector are customers who lease equipment, transmission media (facilities) and service from telephone companies on a permanent basis. Leased circuits are configured and designed for their use only and are generally referred to as private line circuits or dedicated line circuits. For instance, large banks don't wish to share their communication network with other users, however it's not effective for them to create their own networks. So banks facilities and lease equipment from public telephone companies and basically operate a private telephone or data network within PSTN. Public telephones companies are sometime called providers because they lease equipment and provide service to other organizations, private companies and government agencies. Most wide area networks (WANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs) utilize private line data circuits and one or more service provider. Subscribers to public sector of PSTN shareequipment and facilities which are available to all the public subscribers to network. This equipment is appropriately termed as common usage equipment, which includes telephone switches andtransmission facilities. Anyone with a telephone number is a subscriber to public sector of PSTN. As subscribers to public network are interconnected only temporarily through switches, network is often appropriately known as the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and sometimes simply as dial-up network. It is likely to interconnect telephones and modems with one another over great distance in fraction of a second by an elaborate network comprised of central offices, cables (optical and metallic), switches and wireless radio systems which are connected by routing nodes (a node is a switching point). When someone talks about public switched telephone network, they referring to combination of switches and lines that from a system of electrical routes through the network.
Q. When the J and K inputs of a JKFF are tied to logic 1, this device is known as a divide-by-2 counter. Complete the timing diagram shown in Figure for this counter.
Q. What is Signal Multiplexing? Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) and time-division multiplexing (TDM) systems. When data from many sources in time are interlaced, the inte
In the circuit above, V1 is a dc supply which outputs 12V, R1 has a value of 100 Ω and C1 is 100µF. The switch has been left in the position shown for a long time such that there i
For the circuit shown in Figure, use KCL and KVL to determine i 1 , i 2 , v bd and v x . Also, find v eb .
Question 1: Planning is one of the primary functions of management. (a) Explain the importance of planning in an organisation. (b) How can managers develop an effective a
Q. A three-phase ac motor, used to drive a draft fan, is connected to a 60-Hz voltage supply. At noload, the speed is 1188 r/min; at full load, the speed drops to 1128 r/min. (a
A 3-bit quantizer is utilized to transform the following signal into a binary digital signal. Determine the binary values of the first three samples (assuming the quantizer rounds
Merits and Demerits of Collector-to-base bias: Merits: In this type of circuit the circuit stabilizes the operating point against differences in temperature and β (that i
explain nyquist rate?
Q. Develop a schematic diagram of a system in which the D/A converter of Figure can be employed in a digital voltmeter.
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