Why do states more often than not abide by international law

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Reference no: EM131101912

International Politics

QUESTION 1) CHOOSE either OPTION A or OPTION B

OPTION A- ESSAY RESPONSE - Essays are to be no less than 500 words and no longer than 1000 words. They should include references to concepts and processes from the course. **** Underline or bold the concepts and DEFINE them and then APPLY them in your essay. *****
NOTE: It must be clear to me what your concepts are and what your definitions are and how you are applying them.

Essay Question - Even in a world where more and more countries are trading and are committed to free trade, states frequently resort to protectionist policies. What are some protectionist measures states take and why do they do so and what motivates them to do so? Give a RECENT (no late than 2015) example from the real world from the BBC or New York Times or Wall Street Journal that shows a state using a protectionist measure AND its justification for it. What form of protectionism is the state using? Define it. Why is it being protectionist? Your essay must include definitions of trade, protectionism, and other key concepts relevant to your article and your analysis. How does Goldstein explain the significance of this type of protectionism? Answer ALL tasks of the question.

TITLE
START ESSAY
CONTINUE HERE

This assignment (exam response) represents my own work. I have not incorporated into this assignment (exam) any **unacknowledged** material from the work of another person, including papers, words, ideas, information, computer code, data, evidence-organizing principles, or style of presentation taken from the Internet, books, periodicals, or other sources.

OPTION B- ESSAY RESPONSE-- Essays are to be no less than 500 words and no longer than 1000 words. They should include references to concepts and processes from the course. **** Underline or bold the concepts and DEFINE them and then APPLY them in your essay. *****
NOTE: It must be clear to me what your concepts are and what your definitions are and how you are applying them.

Please go to one of the film clips at the following site (Choose among 1 - 13 but not #12 "Environmnet") https://www.learner.org/resources/series86.html

You will have to click on the "VOD" (video on demand) box and then click again on the film to enlarge it to your screen size; make sure you are using a fairly fast connection. Watch the video and pay close attention to ONE of the case studies and in a bulleted short essay FIRST-- provide a summary of the conclusions and key points of the clip, making sure you identify what key question(s) the clip is addressing and what its findings are. SECOND-- Compare and contrast the data provided in the clip with the chapter on trade and or global finance and business in Goldstein. Is the film optimistic about trade in general? How does the information provided in the clip compare/contrast with Goldstein's views on the same topic? You MUST identify at least ONE CASE STUDY and summarize it; THIRD focus on ONE CONCEPT that the film raises and using the film, the case study and Goldstein provide a definition of the concept and explain why it is important to understand this concept/case for international political economy. Minimum length should be around 500 words and should be sectioned showing a response for each of the three tasks. YOU MUST REFERENCE our Goldstein text with parentheticals.

This assignment (exam response) represents my own work. I have not incorporated into this assignment (exam) any **unacknowledged** material from the work of another person, including papers, words, ideas, information, computer code, data, evidence-organizing principles, or style of presentation taken from the Internet, books, periodicals, or other sources.

QUESTION 2) Read the following excerpt (especially the underlined parts):

November 18, 2006

Big Conference on Warming Ends, Achieving Modest Results

NAIROBI, Kenya, Nov. 17 -- The yearly United Nations conference on climate change ended Friday with only modest results after delegates failed to establish a timetable for future cuts on pollution linked to global warming.

Despite nearly two weeks of meetings, which drew 6,000 participants to Nairobi from around the world, the delegates could not agree on a number of issues, especially how to move beyond the Kyoto Protocol. The treaty's mandatory limits on greenhouse-gas emissions by most industrialized countries expire in 2012.

Two persistent problems were American reluctance to agree to any mandatory emissions limits and increased stubbornness by China and India, two of the world's fastest-growing polluters, which face no penalties under the Kyoto agreement for all the heat-trapping gases they pump into the atmosphere.

Even under conservative projections, scientists predict several degrees of warming this century, and possibly much more, which could shift precipitation patterns, disrupt agriculture and wildlife and eventually melt ice sheets, raising the level of the oceans and submerging low-lying coasts. Delegates from outside the United States expressed growing frustration with the Bush administration's environmental policy, saying that without clear signals from the world's largest source of air pollution, other countries would hesitate to move ahead. The United States is one of the few countries that has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol.

Based on what you know from OUR COURSE and OUR TEXTS (not the article!), EXPLAIN why this UN conference on climate change ended "with only modest results." According to Goldstein, why is global warming so difficult to solve compared with ozone depletion? You must DISCUSS BOTH global warming and AND ozone depletion. How would our text authors explain the "American reluctance" described above? Refer to SPECIFIC concepts and processes from our textbook. Demonstrate you have an understanding of environmental challenges as seen through the eyes of a student of international relations!

START HERE and write out at LEAST TWO solid paragraphs on EACH process and a third paragraph on WHY "modest results" and why global warming is harder than ozone depletion to address.

This assignment (exam response) represents my own work. I have not incorporated into this assignment (exam) any **unacknowledged** material from the work of another person, including papers, words, ideas, information, computer code, data, evidence-organizing principles, or style of presentation taken from the Internet, books, periodicals, or other sources.

QUESTION 3) Read the following excerpt and answer the question BELOW:

S. American leaders aim for EU-like body

By DAN KEANE, Associated Press Writer Sat Dec 9, 5:38 PM ET

South American leaders agreed Saturday to create a high-level commission to study the idea of forming a continent-wide community similar to the European Union.

The presidents and envoys of 12 nations wrapped up a two-day summit of the South American Community of Nations, hosted by Bolivian President Evo Morales in Cochabamba, a city tucked between the Andes and the Amazon in the heart of the continent.

"We seek that South America be forever a region of peace that works to solve the economic problems of its historically abandoned majority," Morales said.

The leaders agreed to form a study group in Rio de Janeiro to look at the possibility of creating a continent-wide union, and even a South American parliament.

• The excerpt above demonstrates an example of what process we have studied?

Process and or Concept: __________________________

Why? Explain and write a solid paragraph or two

START HERE

Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, a former metalworker who was re-elected in October, assured his fellow leaders that the group could rise above its historical divisions to unite the continent -though the process would not be easy.

"We must have patience, and try to solve these issues with delicacy," Silva said. "The solutions are difficult. We're not just simple workers talking about a strike at the factory."

The result left fiery Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, long an agitator for the region taking a greater role on the world stage, pleased but impatient.

"We need a political Viagra," Chavez said. "Look, we make decisions and we don't have the power to execute them. They're stuck in these pyramids of paper."

The discussion over South American unity likely will continue later this month when the leaders of Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Paraguay and Uruguay gather in Brazil for the semiannual meeting of the Mercosur.

• Why will the process you identified above and described in the above section be difficult to fulfill? Explain USING CONCEPTS and terms from class material:

Morales opened Saturday's round-table discussion calling for the leaders to close "the open veins of Latin America," referring to Eduardo Galeano's famous 1971 book decrying foreign capitalist exploitation. But how to staunch the economic bleeding was a matter of debate.

Chile's Socialist President Michelle Bachelet, whose country has a free trade agreement with the U.S., said globalization had "two faces" - one "potentially very destructive" but another that presented a "historic opportunity for societies like ours."
She urged South American leaders to take advantage of the world economy while minimizing the impact of open trade on the poor.

Chavez, however, expressed blunt opposition to Washington-backed free market prescriptions and boasted that leftists in the region have "buried" U.S. hopes of a hemispheric free trade agreement, an effort launched a decade ago.

• Morales and Chavez AND Bachelet seem to have different views of the world economic system. What are these differing views? Provide reasons you reached these conclusions.

Morales and Chavez believe in _________________________________

Bachelet believes in _____________________________________

Why? Explain; START HERE using concepts and theories from class; write a solid paragraph or two

This assignment (exam response) represents my own work. I have not incorporated into this assignment (exam) any **unacknowledged** material from the work of another person, including papers, words, ideas, information, computer code, data, evidence-organizing principles, or style of presentation taken from the Internet, books, periodicals, or other sources.

QUESTION 4) ESSAY RESPONSE - Essays are to be no less than 500 words and no longer than 1000 words. They should include references to concepts and processes from the course. Underline or bold the concepts and DEFINE them and then APPLY them in your essay.

Essay Question - International law is often criticized as being ineffective due to issues of enforcement. Why is enforcement such an issue at the international level but not so much at the domestic level? At the same time, states do indeed often abide by international law. Why do states more often than not abide by international law? Give examples for ALL parts of the question-when enforcement of international law is problematic and when it is successful.

This assignment (exam response) represents my own work. I have not incorporated into this assignment (exam) any **unacknowledged** material from the work of another person, including papers, words, ideas, information, computer code, data, evidence-organizing principles, or style of presentation taken from the Internet, books, periodicals, or other sources.

Reference no: EM131101912

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