What type of sampling method would you choose and why

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Reference no: EM131158139

Part -1:

The basics of constructing a synthetic literature review.

Once you have read through the article, you are to do the following:

Choose 3-4 articles relating to the following topic/research question:

"Do men and women have different coping strategies when dealing with a chronic illness?"

Read your chosen articles carefully, then construct a matrix like the one shown on page of the document. Choose the most prominent themes in your articles and fill in the blanks on the matrix. Once you have done this, choose ONE of the major themes and write a synthetic paragraph relating to that theme, describing what you found in your literature relating to that theme only. Make sure to use proper in text citations, and include your bibliography of articles at the end. When you have finished please upload your document as a word doc (.doc or .docx)

Make sure you save this document on your hard drive in a safe place because this will also be the foundation for your final paper project!

Additionally - save the articles that you found in a folder on your computer as well as you will likely want to refer back to them on future assignments and/or your final paper.

Part -2:

Assignment- Qualitative Measures and Design

Continuing our investigation of how men and women may cope differently when facing chronic illness - think about the articles you read and how you might construct a qualitative study when answering the following questions:

1) If you wanted to learn more about the coping strategies men and women use when dealing with a long term, chronic illness:

a. What would your target population be? List 5 characteristics that might be included in your sampling frame.

b. How would you find your participants? What might be some of the challenges you would face when trying to recruit people for your study? What type of sampling method would you choose and why?

c. Quantitative research focuses on numbers and numeric data, but in qualitative research we want to get descriptive data - what types of information do you think you would need to gather to answer this question using a qualitative approach? How might you go about gathering this data?

d. How would you define and operationalize your concepts?

e. What steps would you take to ensure the reliability and validity (authenticity) of your information?

f. How might your study be different if you were designing it from a quantitative orientation?Assignment 3 - Field Observations

Part -3:

During this assignment you will familiarize yourself with the basics of performing field observations. During a field observation there are different types of observations that you can make, the two major types are:

Grand tour: "big" things - where, when, how many people, etc

Mini-tour: direct observations of "smaller" things - a conversation with a person, one room in a house, etc.

Your task is to force yourself to see the concrete details of people's actual behavior, not your interpretations of them. Watch what people actually do; suppress the normal instinct to evaluate people or to presume motives. Look at behavioral details like patterns of movement through space, hand gestures, posture, positions of legs or arms, ways of eating or drinking, eye or head movements, amount or volume of talking. "Friendly smile", "in a hurry," "flirting," and "nervous" are interpretations, not actions. As you observe, take brief "jotted notes" of specific behaviors worth observing.

It is OK to be thinking about the kind of behavior you might want to do your observation on, but do NOT focus narrowly on ONLY that kind of behavior. Whatever you are thinking about, train yourself to look for the variations and differences among people in these behaviors. Also keep your eyes and mind open to other kinds of behaviors that might be more interesting to you to study. More often than not, one's initial idea turns out to be wrong or uninteresting.

Find a place that you think you might be able to observe some interesting human behaviors - examples could be the library, the grocery store, a city park, a baseball game, etc, most places that there are more than a few people can provide some interesting observations!

Sit and observe for at least 30 minutes, take down quick jottings but try not to spend too much time writing here, your task in the field is to pay attention to your surroundings and what is going on!

When the time is up, find a quiet place free of disturbances and write down detailed field notes of what you can recall. Your jotted notes may remind you of things, and there may be others that did not make it into your notes. Make a special note of details you saw that seem worth remembering. Your full field notes for a 30 minute observation should be between 5-6 pages long. Include a short paragraph explaining where and when you observed, trying to provide as much detail about the site and the people you observed.
Answer the following questions and include them at the end of your assignment.

1) What types of grand tour observations did you make?

2) What types of "mini-tour" observations did you make?

3) What was your role in the observation?

4) What are some of the overall themes from your observation?

5) What are some possible sub-themes?

6) If you had to write a research question to do further observation, what would it be?

7) What would be your dependent/independent variables?

Part -4:

Interpreting Data and Content Analysis

1521_Fig.jpg

1) How would you characterize the relationship between the human development income component and per capita carbon emissions?

2) How would you characterize the relationship between the Health and education (non-income) component of the HDI and per capita carbon emissions?

3) What type of influence would you say that these two components have on the overall HDI and its relationship to per capita carbon emissions?

4) What do you think is the information that these scatter plots can give us about per capita carbon emissions?

Public opinions on climate change (percent agreeing)

Country group

Aware of
climate change
(n=147)

Climate change is a      Human activity causes

serious threat                     climate change

(n = 135)                             (n= 145)

Regions

 

 

 

Arab States

42.1

28.7

30.3

East Asia and the Pacific

62.6

27.7

48.3

Europe and Central Asia

77.7

48.2

55.0

Latin America and the Caribbean

76.5

72.7

64.8

South Asia

38.0

31.3

26.9

Sub-Saharan Africa

43.4

35.5

30.6

HDI groups

 

 

 

Very high

91.7

60.2

65.3

High

76.1

61.2

60.7

Medium

51.6

29.3

38.8

Low

40.2

32.8

26.7

World

60.0

39.7

44.5

Note: 17 refers to the number of countries surveyed. Data are population-weighted averages and refer to the most recent year available since 2007.

5) In this table - what is the Dependent variable? What is the Independent variable?

6) What kinds of assumptions can we make based upon the data in this table? What is it telling us?

7) If you were doing content analysis on men's magazine covers, what are some of the major themes that you see emerging from this cover? How might you begin to code the text and images?

8) How would you begin to categorize the themes in this women's magazine?

9) If you were comparing the themes from the Men's magazines and the Women's magazines, what kinds of comparisons might you make? (differences? similarities?)

10) You are interested in looking at news articles about fluctuations in gas prices. Find several articles online and see if you can identify some common themes that emerge in the ways that news reporters talk about gas price fluctuations.

11) Pick something in the articles that is a recurrent theme, count the occurrences of that theme in your articles. Analyze what you think that it means that this particular theme recurs in the article. Do you think that you might have similar findings if you looked at more articles related to gas price fluctuations?

Assignment 5 - Coding Qualitative Data

In this assignment you will read through a partial transcript (begins on page 2) and get a feel for what coding qualitative data is like. You can use your word processors "insert comment" feature as your coding tool (highlight the text and go to tools/insert comment in MS Word). Alternatively you can simply use text of a different color or font for your codes, put them in the text next to the words you wish to assign a code to like this (Open Code: this is a code for the previous sentence).
Make sure you label your codes as Open codes, Axial codes, or Selective codes)

Part one -

1) First - go through and do a "First Pass" open coding of the transcript - pick out those things that most stand out to you

2) Second - go through a second pass and perform axial coding of the transcript selection - begin organizing your codes by themes, create any needed sub-codes, or collapse larger categories if they seem redundant

3) Third do selective coding - label those things you consider "major" themes, choose particular quotes that you feel would be good examples of your themes, ones you might choose to include in your write up.

4) Write an analytic memo for one of your codes - analytic memos are like "notes to yourself" about your codes. If you have some insight about what is going on in the transcript while you are coding, this can form the basis for an analytic memo. Describe the code, what it means, why you chose to code it the way you did, how you think it might tie into your theoretical ideas or the other themes that you have found in your coding process.

Part Two -

5) If you were going to do a write up of this particular interview, what would be some of the key things you would include?

6) What type of style would you use to present this information? Narrative? Illustrative? Why?

Reference no: EM131158139

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