What stage of the cell cycle were most of the onion root

Assignment Help Biology
Reference no: EM131207337

Experiment 4 Exercise 1: Mitosis in a Plant Cell

Read through the Experiment 4 Introduction material before starting. In this exercise we will look at the different stages of mitosis in onion cells. The length of the cell cycle in the onion root tip is about 24 hours, but mitosis only occupies only one to two hours.

Procedure

A. Review the information on p 125 in your book and record your predictions as to the percentage of cells you expect to see in each of the phases of the cell cycle in Table 1 (after the photographs).

B. In the four photographs below, examine each cell indicated by a red dot. There are a total of 65 cells that need to be examined. Determine how many cells are in the various stages of the Cell Cycle. Refer to your book and the Experiment 4 Introduction information for help determining the cell cycle stages.

C. Enter your data in Table 1. Note that the "Calculated %" is equal to the Number of cells in stage / Total cells counted x 100.

D. Answer the questions that follow.

Table 1: Predictions and actual number of cells observed in each stage of the cell cycle

Stage

Predicted %

Number of Cells

Total Cells Counted

Calculated %

Interphase

 

 

65

 

Prophase

 

 

65

 

Metaphase

 

 

65

 

Anaphase

 

 

65

 

Telophase

 

 

65

 

Total

100%

65

65

100%

Questions

1. What stage of the cell cycle were most of the onion root tip cells in?

Is this what you would expect based on what you've read this week; why or why not? Cite source(s) used.

2. How accurate were your predictions, based on your data, for each stage of the cell cycle?

3. What is the function of mitosis in an organism such as a human? Cite source(s) used.

Experiment 4 Exercise 2: Meiosis

Review this week's reading in your book (pp 131-141) and this week's online lecture. Then view the following animation before answering the questions below; be sure your audio is on:

McGraw-Hill Higher Education. 2006. How Meiosis Works

https://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/animation__how_meiosis_works.html

Questions

1. Why is it necessary to reduce the chromosome number in gamete cells (egg and sperm), but not other cells of an organism? Cite source(s) used.

2. Describe at least two differences between Meiosis I and Meiosis II in terms of what is produced and what occurs with the chromosomes. Cite source(s) used.

3. If humans have 46 chromosomes in each of their body cells, determine how many chromosomes you would expect to find in the following cells:

Sperm _________
Liver cell _________
Daughter cell from mitosis _________
Daughter cell from Meiosis II _________

4. _____ are separated during Meiosis I, while _____ are separated during Meiosis II.

a. Sister chromatids, sex chromosomes
b. Sister chromatids, homologous chromosomes
c. Homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids
d. Sex chromosomes, sister chromatids

5. At the beginning of meiosis I, cells are ____ and at the beginning of meiosis II, they are ____.

a. Diploid, diploid
b. Diploid, haploid
c. Haploid, haploid
d. Haploid, diploid

Experiment 4 Exercise 3: Karyotyping

Go to the following website:

The Biology Project. 1998. Karyotyping Activity

https://www.biology.arizona.edu/human_bio/activities/karyotyping/karyotyping.html

Procedure

A. Read over the material on the first page and then click on Patient Histories (at the bottom of the page).

B. Click on Complete Patient A's Karyotype. Note a single chromosome located to the left of the paragraph at the top. You need to match this chromosome with the appropriate pair.

a. Some of the chromosomes arranged beneath the paragraph are hyperlinked (have a blue line beneath them).
b. Click on the hyperlink associated with the matching chromosome.

C. Record in Table 2 below the correct match for this first chromosome (a).

D. Continue until you have matched all chromosomes required. Note that the letters (a-e) correspond to the order that the chromosomes are presented.

Table 2. Patient A karyotype data.

Chromosome Presented

Matches #

Chromosome a

 

Chromosome b

 

Chromosome c

 

Chromosome d

 

Chromosome e

 

Questions

1. What notation would you use to characterize Patient A's karyotype? Be sure to read over the information presented so you know the correct notation format.

2. Based on the table of possible chromosomal disorders displayed on the website, what diagnosis would you give patient A?

3. When during Meiosis does the error occur that results in this karyotype; be specific?

Procedure (continued)

E. Click on the Patient History button (bottom of the page) and then click on Complete Patient B's Karyotype.

F. Match the chromosomes presented as done in the previous exercise.

G. Fill in the Table 3 below, indicating how you matched up the chromosomes presented with the actual chromosomes in the karyotype.

Table 3. Patient B karyotype data.

Chromosome Presented

Matches #

Chromosome a

 

Chromosome b

 

Chromosome c

 

Chromosome d

 

Chromosome e

 

Chromosome f

 

Chromosome g

 

Chromosome h
(This is a tough one)

 

Questions

4. What notation would you use to characterize Patient B's karyotype?

5. What diagnosis would you give patient B?

6. Why does this individual exhibit male characteristics and not female? Cite your source.

Procedure (continued)

H. Click on the Patient History button (at the bottom) and then click on Complete Patient C's Karyotype.

I. Match the chromosomes presented as done in the previous exercise.

J. Fill in Table 4 below, indicating how you matched up the chromosomes presented with the actual chromosomes in the karyotype.

Table 4. Patient C karyotype data.

Chromosome Presented

Matches #

Chromosome a

 

Chromosome b

 

Chromosome c

 

Chromosome d

 

Chromosome e

 

Chromosome f

 

Chromosome g

 

Chromosome h

 

Chromosome i

 

Questions

7. What notation would you use to characterize Patient B's karyotype?

8. What diagnosis would you give patient C?

9. Why might the risk of this disorder increase as a woman gets older? Cite any sources used.

Attachment:- Experiment_Answer_Sheet.pdf

Reference no: EM131207337

Questions Cloud

How self-awareness leads to overcoming conceptual blocks : Which of the steps in the problem-solving process would be the most challenging for you and why
Marginal productivity of land in the production of housing : (a) What is the marginal productivity of land in the production of housing? Assuming there is competition in the supply of housing, what is the competitive rental payment to land? (b) In the case of several owners and competition in the supply of h..
What are the five basic methods of impeaching a witness : Why are a witness's biases allowed to discredit his or her testimony without the cross-examiner being required to prove that the witness is not credible, has contradicted his or herself, has bad character, or make an inconsistent statement?
Specific investments in their specialized factors : Assuming that the owners of labor and capital had to make prior specific investments in their specialized factors, explain the source of "failure"( or Pareto non-optimality) that emerges when the parties do not cooperate prior to participating the..
What stage of the cell cycle were most of the onion root : What stage of the cell cycle were most of the onion root tip cells in? Is this what you would expect based on what you've read this week; why or why not? Cite source(s) used.
Determine each country legal traditions : Determine each country's legal traditions and their major influences on crime definition, rate, and measurement. Examine the extent to which crime statistics compiled in different countries can adequately be compared. Provide support for the respon..
Junior staff and management : A store manager at a local supermarket wished to determine whether its 9 junior staff would be eligible to receive a Christmas bonus. The contractual agreement between the junior staff and management is that they will receive the bonus if all memb..
Ethical issue from viewpoints of all of the stakeholders : Describe ethical issue from viewpoints of all of the stakeholders involved and explain why this issue should be resolved via ethical avenues rather than the legal ones - What ethical obligations do all of the stakeholders have towards one another and..
What is the marital communications privilege : What are four fundamental conditions that must be established before a person is exempted from testifying in a judicial proceeding based on a claim of privilege?

Reviews

Write a Review

 

Biology Questions & Answers

  Populations of plants-invertebrates and vertebrates

Tropical oceans are generally low in nutrients and support very little life. Why do tropical coral reefs support such numerous species and populations of plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates?

  Real-life proxy encounter with the complexity of medicare

Purpose of assignment is to have a real-life proxy encounter with the complexity of Medicare -

  What is ecological succession on bare rock called

What is ecological succession on bare rock called? Name the first and the last but one succession stages in it. Explain how the climax community gets established in this succession? How does succession differ in terrestrial and aquatic systems ? Give..

  The phenotype of a human clone resemble

To what extent would the phenotype of a human clone resemble

  Clearly indicate the hydrogen bonds

diagram a G-C basepair as present in double stranded DNA.Properly number all C and N atoms in the rings.Clearly indicate the hydrogen bonds and properly orient the pentose sugars and phosophates.You should also represent all funtional groups and a..

  Four stages outlined in the course study materials

In a one to two page APA-style paper, examine and briefly describe developmental behavioral changes from puppy to adult, detailing significant issues from each of the four stages outlined in the course study materials.

  How many butterflies

Now suppose you have 300 eggs, but only 70% of those eggs progress to become a caterpillar, and only 80% of the caterpillar progress to become an adult butterfly. How many butterflies do you have?

  Which is not a sign of stress and tension in children

Which of the following is NOT a sign of stress and tension in children? Which is the best thing to say to a child to teach him or her to think about safety for themselves?

  Q suppose a mammalian genome 4x109bp in size is digested

q. suppose a mammalian genome 4x109bp in size is digested with hind iii and you are cloning a unique fragment of 2kb.a.

  Feedback control model and executive dashboard

In at least 500 of your own words, describe characteristics of the two levels of management information systems.  Also, what is the feedback control model and executive dashboard? Why are they so important?

  Significance of differences between mitosis and meiosis

Significance of differences between mitosis and meiosis and Mendel's Principles

  Idea of consuming only locally grown

Are there any nutritional values that might be present in locally grown produce that might not be present in produce shipped in from other areas of the country?

Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd