Reference no: EM131018852

Homework 2-

1. Joe and Mary both produce gadgets and widgets. Mary can produce 100 gadgets and 0 widgets, or 0 gadgets and 50 widgets or any combination of gadgets and widgets that lie on the straight line between these two points. Joe can produce 400 gadgets and 0 widgets, or 200 gadgets and 50 widgets or any combination of gadgets and widgets that lie on the straight line between these two points. Currently Joe and Mary are not trading with one another; Joe is producing 200 gadgets and 50 widgets while Mary is producing 50 gadgets and 25 widgets.

a. Draw Joe's production possibility frontier for gadgets and widgets on a graph where gadgets are measured on the y-axis and widgets are measured on the x-axis. Then write an equation for Joe's PPF where G is gadgets and W is widgets.

b. Draw Mary's production possibility frontier for gadgets and widgets on a graph where gadgets are measured on the y-axis and widgets are measured on the x-axis. Then write an equation for Mary's PPF where G is gadgets and W is widgets.

c. Who has the absolute advantage in the production of widgets?

d. Who has the absolute advantage in the production of gadgets?

e. Who has the comparative advantage in the production of widgets?

f. Who has the comparative advantage in the production of gadgets?

g. If Mary and Joe specialize and trade with one another, what would their combined PPF look like? Draw a graph of this combined PPF where gadgets are measured on the y-axis and widgets are measured on the x-axis. Describe verbally how this combined PPF differs from the individual PPFs you drew in parts (a) and (b).

h. What is a range of trading prices in gadgets that 10 widgets would trade for?

i. What is a range of trading prices in widgets that 5 gadgets would trade for?

2. For each of the following scenarios sketch a diagram representing the scenario and then answer the given questions.

a. The market for bicycles in Madtown is initially in equilibrium. Then, the city government passes legislation that increases the costs of driving a car in Madtown. Holding everything else constant, what do you think will happen to the price of bicycles and the quantity of bicycles in Madtown?

b. The market for bicycles in Madtown is initially in equilibrium. Then, the price of aluminum, an important input in the production of bicycles, increases. Holding everything else constant, what do you think will happen to the price of bicycles and the quantity of bicycles in Madtown?

c. The market for bicycles in Madtown is initially in equilibrium. Then, the city government passes legislation that increases the costs of driving a car in Madtown. At the same time the price of aluminum, an important input in the production of bicycles, increases. Holding everything else constant, what do you think will happen to the price of bicycles and the quantity of bicycles in Madtown?

d. The market for cookies in Chipville is initially in equilibrium. Then, people's income in Chipville increases. Holding everything else constant, what do you think will happen to the price of cookies and the quantity of cookies in Chipville? Fully explain your answer.

e. The market for ice cream cones in Dairyland is initially in equilibrium. Suppose that ice cream cones are a normal good and that the price of apple pie, a substitute good for ice cream cones, increases. Holding everything else constant, what do you think will happen to the price of ice cream cones and the quantity of ice cream cones in Dairyland?

f. The market for ice cream cones in Dairyland is initially in equilibrium. Suppose that ice cream cones are a normal good and that the price of apple pie, a substitute good for ice cream cones, increases. At the same time suppose that the price of milk used in the production of ice cream cones decreases. Holding everything else constant, what do you think will happen to the price of ice cream cones and the quantity of ice cream cones in Dairyland?

3. Suppose you are given the following information about the market for chocolate chip cookies in Mayville. When the price of cookies is $1.00 per dozen, the quantity demanded is 100 dozen and when the price of cookies is $2.00 per dozen, the quantity demanded is 50 dozen. In addition, you know that there are ten bakeries in Mayville that make chocolate chip cookies. Each bakery is identical. And, at each bakery when the price of chocolate chip cookies is $.50, two dozen cookies are supplied. Furthermore, with each $.20 increase in the price of cookies, each bakery is willing to supply an additional two dozen cookies. You are also told that the demand curve and supply curve for chocolate chip cookies in Mayville are linear.

a. What is the market demand curve for chocolate chip cookies in Mayville?

b. What is the market supply curve for chocolate chip cookies in Mayville?

c. What is the equilibrium price and quantity in the market for chocolate chip cookies in Mayville?

d. Suppose the government institutes a price floor in this market. Suppose the price floor is set at $1.50 a dozen. Describe the effect of this price floor on the market for chocolate chip cookies in Mayville.

e. Suppose the government decides to purchase any excess cookies due to the imposition of the price floor described in part (d). What will this program cost the government?

f. Suppose that instead of a price support program the government decides to guarantee the bakeries a price of $1.50 per dozen cookies. But, the government tells the bakeries to produce whatever quantity they are willing to produce at this guaranteed price and then sell all of their production at whatever price they can and then the government will pay the bakeries an amount that is the difference between the guaranteed price and the actual price the bakeries sell the cookies for in the market. What will be the subsidy per dozen cookies and what will be the total cost of this program to the government?

4. Suppose that in College Town there are 1000 students who need to find housing. For simplicity let's assume that each student's demand curve is linear and that all these individual demand curves are identical. Suppose the market demand curve for student housing in College Town is given by the equation P = 2000 - 2Q where P is the rent per month for the student housing and Q is the quantity of student housing units. Furthermore, suppose that the current market supply curve for student housing is Q = 500.

a. Sketch a drawing of the market supply curve for student housing. Write a brief description of this market supply curve and then offer an explanation for why this market supply curve has this particular shape.

b. Given the above information, what is the equation for an individual student's demand curve for student housing?

5. Suppose you are taking a chemistry class and the class has three equally weighted midterm exams. The first exam has 50 points and you score a 40 on this exam. The second exam has 60 points and you score a 51 on it. The third exam has 80 points and you score a 72 on it. You wish to calculate your average grade on a 100 point scale. What is this average?

6. Suppose you are taking a physics class and the class has three midterms. The first midterm is worth 10% of your grade, the second midterm is worth 20% of your grade, and the third midterm is worth 30% of your grade. Suppose the first midterm has 50 points and you score a 40 on this exam. The second exam has 60 points and you score a 51 on it. The third exam has 80 points and you score a 72 on it. If the final is 40% of your grade and you need an average of 90 on a 100 point scale to get an A in the class, what must you score on the final?

7. Monrovia is a small, closed economy that produces pineapples. Currently the domestic supply curve for pineapples in Monrovia is given by the equation P = 4Q where P is the price per case of pineapples and Q is the quantity of cases of pineapples. The domestic demand curve for pineapples is given by the equation P = 50 - Q.

a. Given this information what is the equilibrium quantity of pineapples and the equilibrium price for pineapples if Monrovia is a closed economy?

b. If Monrovia is a closed economy, what is the value of consumer surplus and producer surplus in the market for pineapples?

c. Suppose that the world price for pineapples is $45 per case of pineapples. If Monrovia opens her pineapple market to trade, what will happen? Describe in words the effect of this policy decision on the quantity of pineapples consumed by domestic consumers, the quantity of pineapples produced by domestic producers, the effect on consumer surplus in Monrovia, the effect on producer surplus in Monrovia, and the level of imports or exports of pineapples in Monrovia. There is no need for numbers in this question: provide a verbal description using complete sentences to describe what is happening.

d. Now, that you have completed part (c), go back and provide numerical measures of the level of imports or exports of pineapples in Monrovia, the value of consumer surplus, and the value of producer surplus. When the world price of pineapples is $45 per case and Monrovia opens her pineapple market to trade who is benefitted: domestic producers or domestic suppliers? Overall, is this trade beneficial to this economy?

e. Suppose that the world price for pineapples is $30 per case of pineapples. If Monrovia opens her pineapple market to trade, what will happen? Describe in words the effect of this policy decision on the quantity of pineapples consumed by domestic consumers, the quantity of pineapples produced by domestic producers, the effect on consumer surplus in Monrovia, the effect on producer surplus in Monrovia, and the level of imports or exports of pineapples in Monrovia. There is no need for numbers in this question: provide a verbal description using complete sentences to describe what is happening.

f. Now, that you have completed part (e), go back and provide numerical measures of the level of imports or exports of pineapples in Monrovia, the value of consumer surplus, and the value of producer surplus. When the world price of pineapples is $30 per case and Monrovia opens her pineapple market to trade who is benefitted: domestic producers or domestic suppliers? Overall, is this trade beneficial to this economy?

g. Suppose that the world price of pineapples is $30 and Monrovia opens her pineapple market to trade. At the same time the government in Monrovia implements a tariff that raises the price of a case of pineapples to $32. What will be the level of imports with this tariff? What is the value of consumer surplus with this tariff? What is the value of producer surplus with this tariff? What is the deadweight loss due to the tariff? What is the tariff revenue?

h. Suppose the government of Monrovia wants to replace the tariff in part (g) with a quota that had an equivalent effect on the market for pineapples. What would the quota need to be in order to have this effect?