Reference no: EM131018971
First Midterm-
I. Binary Choice Questions:
1. The statement "All birds in Wisconsin are red" is an example of a
a. Normative statement.
b. Positive statement.
2. Scarcity of resources implies that
a. People are specialized.
b. People face tradeoffs.
3. "Bill Gates, a billionaire, is not constrained in his choices." This statement from an economist's perspective is
a. True
b. False
4. Models, if well designed and useful, are never altered or discarded with the passage of time.
a. True
b. False
5. The old adage "Children should be seen and not heard" is an example of a
a. Normative statement.
b. Positive statement.
6. Disagreements among economists may be due to
a. Normative differences.
b. Either positive or normative differences.
Use the information below to answer the next two questions.
Suppose that each time the X variable increases by two units, the Y variable decreases by four units.
7. Based on this information we know that X and Y are
a. Directly related to one another.
b. Inversely related to one another.
8. Given the information in the previous question it is possible to
a. Compute the slope of the relationship.
b. Write an equation for the relationship between X and Y.
9. The Y-intercept of a positive relationship between two variables, X and Y, will
a. Always be a positive number.
b. May or may not be a positive number.
10. The scale used in drawing a graph may not affect the accuracy of the relationship depicted in the graph, but can affect the emotional reaction to the data presented in the graph.
a. True
b. False
11. Consider the equation X = 2Y - 100. The y-intercept of this equation when graphed with Y measured on the vertical axis and X measured on the horizontal axis is equal to
a. -100.
b. 50.
12. Consider the equation W = 3T + 500. The slope of this equation when T is the variable measured on the vertical axis and W is the variable measured on the horizontal axis is equal to
a. 3
b. 1/3
13. Joe made a 56 on his 80 point test in math class this week. He is trying to decide what the lowest score he can make on next week's 90 point test is in order to increase his class average. Assume that both tests have equivalent weight in the calculation of Joe's final grade. What score must Joe get on the math test to reach his goal?
a. He must score at least a 60 on the test.
b. He must score at least a 63 on the test.
14. Mary knows that in her physics class the A range goes from 90 points to 100 points. But, her physics professor has confused her by grading on a 350 point scale. How many points must Mary make on this 350 point scale in order to earn an A in physics?
a. Mary must earn a minimum of 315 points.
b. Mary needs more information to answer this question.
15. Suppose the University decides to do a research study focusing on college students and their weight. This study will be more interesting if the study is done using
a. Cross sectional data.
b. Time series data.
16. Consider a bowed out from the origin production possibility frontier. This bowed shape is due to
a. The advantages that individuals or countries get from trading with other individuals or countries.
b. Specialization of resources.
Use the following information about Pedro's production possibility frontier (PPF) for bagels and cream cheese to answer the next two questions.
His PPF is linear between each of the points in the table (for example, his PPF is linear between points A and B, between points B and C, etc.).
|
Combination
|
Number of Bagels
|
Servings of Cream Cheese
|
|
A
|
100
|
0
|
|
B
|
90
|
40
|
|
C
|
70
|
60
|
|
D
|
40
|
80
|
|
E
|
0
|
100
|
17. From the above information what is Pedro's opportunity cost of producing one more bagel if he is currently producing at point C in the table?
a. 2/3 cheese
b. 1 cheese
18. If Pedro decides to produce 70 servings of cream cheese what is the total amount of bagels that he must give up?
a. 55 bagels
b. 45 bagels
19. It takes Bob three hours to mend a sock and 30 minutes to iron a shirt. His roommate, Joe, needs an hour to mend a sock and also an hour to iron a shirt. If both roommates have the same amount of resources (in this case, time) available and they agree to specialize, who should do the ironing?
a. Bob
b. Joe
20. A model to be valuable and useful must replicate reality as close as is possible while also providing good predictions about the future.
a. True
b. False
II. Multiple Choice Questions-
Use the following information to answer the next three questions.
There are three countries: Potsville, Farmia, and Utopia. Each of these three countries produces milk and honey and their production possibility frontiers (PPF) are all linear. In the table below you are given two production points for each country's PPF.
|
|
Gallons of Milk (M)
|
Pounds of Honey (H)
|
|
Potsville: Point 1
Potsville: Point 2
|
10
0
|
0
20
|
|
Farmia: Point 1
Farmia: Point 2
|
10
0
|
10
40
|
|
Utopia: Point 1
Utopia: Point 2
|
20
50
|
40
10
|
21. If honey (H) is measured on the y-axis and milk (M) is measured on the x-axis, which of the following equations represents Utopia's PPF?
a. H = 200/3 - (4/3)M
b. H = 90 - M
c. H = 60 - M
d. H = 56 - (4/5)M
22. Suppose the current price of honey in terms of milk is one honey trades for 0.6 milk. Which country or countries will produce and sell honey given this price?
a. Potsville and Farmia
b. Farmia and Utopia
c. Just Potsville
d. Just Utopia
e. Just Farmia
23. Which of the following statements is true?
a. No matter if Pottsville trades with Farmia or Utopia, Pottsville should produce honey while Farmia or Utopia produce milk.
b. No matter if Pottsville trades with Farmia or Utopia, Pottsville should produce milk while Farmia or Utopia produce honey.
c. Pottsville's comparative advantage when trading with Farmia is milk production and Pottsville's comparative advantage when trading with Utopia is honey production.
d. Pottsville's comparative advantage when trading with Farmia is honey production and Pottsville's comparative advantage when trading with Utopia is milk production.
24. Economists believe that there is a tradeoff between current consumption and future consumption. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Forgoing current consumption means that people consume and enjoy less "stuff" during the current period and that means that they are worse off and will never be able to recover from the losses they suffer by forgoing consumption.
b. Forgoing current consumption means that there are fewer resources devoted to future consumption: this means that in the future the level of feasible production will be enhanced compared to what that level would be if current consumption was higher.
c. There is an expression that states "a bird in the hand is better than two birds in a bush": this expression encourages people to maximize their current consumption since one never knows what will happen in the future. This expression does not completely consider the tradeoff between current and future consumption.
d. It does not matter whether an economy chooses current consumption or future consumption: neither choice affects a country's production possibility frontier.
25. The mix of goods and services produced in an economy can be best thought of as a decision about
a. The production of those goods and services.
b. The distribution of those goods and services.
c. The allocation of those goods and services.
d. The production, allocation and distribution of those goods and services.
26. (Hint: This question might take some time, so leave it until after you have answered all other questions!) Joe has three midterms in his sociology class. All three midterms are 100 point exams but the first midterm is only worth 10% of Joe's grade while the second midterm is worth 20% of his grade and the third midterm is worth 30% of his grade. Joe would like to have a weighted average of 66 2/3 (that is, 66.666) on a 100 point scale after the third midterm. If Joe has made a 72 on the first midterm and a 59 on the second midterm, what grade must he earn on the third midterm if he wants to reach his goal?
a. Joe must have a grade of 60 on the third midterm.
b. Joe must have a grade of 65 on the third midterm.
c. Joe must have a grade of 70 on the third midterm.
d. Joe must have a grade of 75 on the third midterm.
Use the information below to answer the next four questions.
Anglia and Zembia are two countries that both produce airplanes and computers. Assume that both countries have linear production possibility frontiers (PPFs) and they both possess exactly the same resources, 2000 hours of labor. The table below provides you with information about the amount of labor it takes to produce each item. For the sake of simplicity assume that labor is the only resource that Anglia and Zembia use to produce airplanes or computers.
|
|
Amount of Labor Needed to Produce One Airplane
|
Amount of Labor Needed to Produce One Computer
|
|
Anglia
|
200 hours of labor
|
10 hours of labor
|
|
Zembia
|
400 hours of labor
|
50 hours of labor
|
27. Using the above information, and abbreviating airplanes as A and computers as C, which of the following equations expresses the production possibility frontier for Zembia?
a. C = 5 - (1/8)A
b. A = 5 - 8A
c. A = 40 - (1/8)A
d. A = 5 - (1/8)C
28. Using the above information, suppose Anglia and Zembia are both producing at points on their respective PPFs and that Anglia is currently producing 150 computers. Total airplane production by the two countries is 4.5 airplanes. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Anglia is producing 2.5 airplanes.
b. Zembia is producing 24 computers.
c. Anglia should specialize in producing computers while Zembia should specialize in producing airplanes.
d. Answers (a) and (b) are both correct.
e. Answers (a), (b), and (c) are both correct.
29. Based upon the above information, the opportunity cost of producing one computer for Anglia is
a. Equal to 20 airplanes.
b. Less than the opportunity cost of producing one computer for Zembia.
c. Greater than the opportunity cost of producing one computer for Zembia.
d. Answers (a) and (b) are both correct.
e. Answers (a) and (c) are both correct.
30. Zembia wishes to increase their computing capacity by purchasing 160 computers from Anglia. Which of the following prices in terms of airplanes will Zembia NOT accept for this transaction?
a. 7 airplanes for 160 computers.
b. 8.5 airplanes for 160 computers.
c. 15 airplanes for 160 computers.
d. 25 airplanes for 160 computers.
31. In a recent article in The New York Times (page B1 of the January 7, 2011 edition) it was noted that "passenger cars made by Ford and G.M. averaged more than 30 miles per gallon, according to federal rankings, compared with 27 m.p.g. [miles per gallon] a decade ago." The percentage change in gas mileage for these cars over this decade is approximately equal to
a. 9%
b. 10%
c. 11%
d. 12%
32. Command economies are characterized by
a. High levels of production but with little attention paid to consumer desires.
b. Economic decisions being made by a central authority.
c. Their reliance on price as a mechanism for allocating scarce resources.
d. Answers (a) and (b) are both correct.
e. Answers (a), (b) and (c) are all correct.
33. Price acts as a signal to allocate resources to their most valued uses in
a. A traditional economy.
b. A barter economy.
c. A command economy.
d. A market economy.
34. Which of the following statements is true?
a. A positive statement must also be a true statement.
b. A country that specializes according to its comparative advantage and then trades will be able to increase the level of goods the country can consume beyond what the country's own productive abilities are.
c. A normative statement because it expresses an opinion is likely to be false.
d. Answers (a), (b) and (c) are all correct.
e. Answers (a) and (b) are both correct.
35. You are given the following set of data for variables X and Y. Assume that X is measured along the horizontal axis in a graph and that Y is measured along the vertical axis in a graph. Given this information and the data set, which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between X and Y?
|
X
|
Y
|
|
100
|
999
|
|
300
|
997
|
|
900
|
991
|
a. Y = 1099 - (1/100)X
b. Y = 1000 - (1/100)X
c. X = 1099 - (1/100)Y
d. X = 1000 - (1/100)Y
Use the following information to answer the next three questions.
Mike currently owns a business making bookcases. He earns $40,000 each year from his business. If Mike were to work for someone else he could earn $42,000 a year. If Mike were to sell his business he would be able to sell it for $50,000 and then he could invest this money in a money market mutual fund and earn 2% a year in interest.
36. Consider the above situation from the perspective of opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is defined by Krugman and Wells as "the real cost of an item: what you must give up in order to get it". Using this definition if you wanted to measure the opportunity cost of Mike owning his own business you would include
a. Just the lost interest income he could be earning if he were to invest the money he had in his business in a money market mutual fund.
b. Just the lost income he could have earned if he had worked for someone else.
c. Both the lost interest income he could be earning if he were to invest the money he had in his business in a money market mutual fund and the lost income he could have earned if he had worked for someone else.
d. The lost interest income he could be earning if he were to invest the money he had in his business in a money market mutual fund, the lost income he could have earned if he had worked for someone else, and any resource costs that he incurs when he operates his business.
37. The opportunity cost of Mike having his own business is equal to
a. $42,000 a year
b. $43,000 a year
c. $85,000 a year
d. $135,000 a year
38. Given the above information and assuming that there are no psychological rewards from Mike owning his own business, would you advise Mike to continue operating his business?
a. The cost of owning his own business is greater than the financial benefit Mike is getting from the business: Mike would be better off working for someone else.
b. The cost of owning his own business is less than the financial benefit Mike is getting from the business: Mike would be better off continuing to operate his own business.
c. Mike's financial situation would be the same whether or not he owns his own business or he works for someone else.
d. Mike should only consider whether he covers his operating expenses and not worry about the value of his time or the return he could make when investing his money.
39. A double coincidence of wants refers to
a. An individual simultaneously having two desires that may or may not be in conflict with each other.
b. Two individuals trading with each other in a market economy.
c. The idea that if two individuals are going to trade two goods it must be the case that the good provided by one individual is a good desired by the other individual.
d. The idea that trade is always mutually beneficial.
40. Anne, Mary, Susie, and Rochelle go out to dinner and together spend $68.00 on the meal. They agree that they will split the tab for the meal evenly and that they will pay the waiter a 20% tip. What is the amount Anne will pay?
a. $19.60
b. $20.00
c. $20.40
d. $21.00