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Question 1
The ultimate aim that any virus must develop is the ability to replicate. Although viruses have evolved a number of strategies to achieve this aim, these strategies often utilize common mechanisms. Read the review paper by Paul Ahlquist describing parallels in the replication mechanisms of various RNA viruses. Describe at least two parallels between two of the types of viruses described in the paper.
Question 2
The 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza has evolved to better replicate in human host cells. Read the Science Daily article and the primary article (Mehle et al.) on how the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus has adapted for replication in humans. What two mechanisms of generating diversity are utilized by the 2009 H1N1 virus? How are the changes that have allowed the 2009 H1N1 to adapt to human cells different to the changes in the 1918 Influenza virus?
Question 3
The unique replication and integration properties of retroviruses require a number of enzymatic activities not required by other RNA viruses. Describe the functions of the unique enzymatic activities of retroviruses, the cellular sites of these enzymatic activities and additional host proteins that are specifically required for retrovirus replication and integration.
Question 4
Describe the mechanisms for generating diversity in RNA viruses. Give examples of at least two of the mechanisms in a specific RNA virus.
Question 5
Read the review entitled "RNA Virus Replication Complexes" by Tao & Ye. Choose one of the following: (+) RNA Viruses, (-) RNA viruses or dsRNA virus and describe the location in the cell of its replication complex and the mechanism by which replication occurs and why this location/mechanism is advantageous to the virus.
What percentage of the father's body was covered by burns? What percentage of the daughter's body received first-degree burns?
A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobials in broth, and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen. What is this micro biologist setting up.
Defend the stem cell v/s gene therapy with regard to the current treatment projections for the ALS.Recognize the Mimoun Azzouz and explain his work in gene therapy.
Explain why there are no male offspring with the allele combinations
Represent an arrow pointing away from each circle that represents food for another circle - and point the arrow towards the "eater's" circle. Some circles will have several arrows pointing towards hem and away from them. Illustrate an X in the circle..
What is an advantage of using GFP fusions to visualize specific proteins, instead of staining cells with fluorescently labelled probes that bind to the target protein.
Comprise in the discussion cellular and fluid composition of blood. We have headaches daily, itch constantly what is really weird is all our hair turned in to this wirey frizzy uncontrollable mess and we have all this like hair or fiber substance com..
Viruses were first distinguished from other microorganisms, such as bacteria, based on which of the following (select one)? The majority of viruses that have been identified to date cause disease.
Explain how cell division and the sexual reproduction help in genetic variability of organism. How do both the meiosis and sexual reproduction (fertilization) generate offspring which differ genetically from parents?
What mode of nutrition these bacteria almost certainly use. Include in the discussion the RDA guidelines recommending less than 30 percent of total calories come from fat.
A) What is the broad sense heritability of seed count in this population of bluebonnets? B) What might cause this estimate of heritability to be inaccurate?
Purine biosynthesis is allowed to take place in the presence of [N15]aspartate, and the newly synthesized GTP and ATP are isolated. What positions are labeled in the two nucleotides.
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