Reference no: EM131630707

The following 80 questions are about political science especially about Peru and China.

QUESTION 1

The main American activity that caused some Peruvians to accuse the United States of imperialism in the 1920s was

the investment of American firms in resource extraction (such as mining) in Peru.

the attempt by the United States to annex Peru's principal gold-mining region.

the American military occupation of Peru's northern coast.

American support for Chile during the War of the Pacific.

the activities of American communists in Lima.

QUESTION 2

Over the course of the 1980s, Peru shifted from

a tenuous party system to support for independent outsider candidates.

widespread support for Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) to support for pro-capitalist candidates.

dominance by patronage-based parties to dominance by ideologically-oriented parties.

QUESTION 3

An important Peruvian export in the 19th century was

guano.

wheat.

potatoes.

coca.

slaves.

QUESTION 4

Tupac Amaru

led a rebellion against Spanish rule.

was a leftist military dictator of Peru.

was a presidential candidate of Japanese descent.

was the last emperor of the Aztec empire.

was a right-wing military dictator.

QUESTION 5

Most victims of the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) were

peasants.

landowners.

urban industrialists.

QUESTION 6

In the 19th century, Peru lost some of its territory after it lost a war with

Chile.

Venezuela.

Ecuador.

Bolivia.

Colombia.

QUESTION 7

The commodity that provided the economic base of the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) was gold.

diamonds.

cocaine.

cannabis (marijuana).

opium.

QUESTION 8

One of the factors that has limited class polarization in Peruvian politics is that

the country is ethnically homogeneous.

many of the urban poor are entrepreneurs and favor pro-business candidates.

there have never been important class-based parties in Peru.

strict federalism means that the central government has little ability to redistribute resources.

racial divisions have prevented Peruvians from thinking in terms of class.

QUESTION 9

The "Hispanicist" Peruvian government of the early 1940s emphasized

Peru's indigenous heritage.

Peru's ties to Hispanics in the United States.

its hostility to white people.

the Protestant character of Peruvian culture.

Peru's ties to Spain.

QUESTION 10

The Quechua language

is spoken by the majority of the Peruvian population.

was spoken until the late 19th century, but has now died out.

is spoken by about 16 percent of the Peruvians.

has displaced Spanish, and become the only language spoken by over 90 percent of Peruvians.

is almost exclusively spoken by Peruvians of African descent.

QUESTION 11

Bureaucratic pluralism refers to

conflict between bureaucratic organizations in a pluralistic society.

mobilization by government organizations to pressure political leaders to develop more pluralistic politics.

conflict between government organizations that resembles interest group conflicts in liberal political systems.

the creation of a market economy, guided by a plurality of bureaucratic entities.

a political ideology similar to that of structural functionalism, but with greater emphasis on plural bureaucracies.

QUESTION 12

Today China's economy is

almost completely based on private ownership.

dominated by private firms, but with state-run firms remaining very important.

largely Stalinist, but with an important role played by private firms.

largely Maoist but with an important role played by private firms.

largely state-run, but with significant capitalist elements.

QUESTION 13

One of the ways in which Hu Jintao differed from his predecessor, Jiang Zemin, was that Hu

put more emphasis on addressing the problem of inequality.

allowed Taiwan to be recognized as an independent country.

ended the one-child policy.

sold off the last few remaining state-owned enterprises.

began to shift China from a socialist to a market economy to stimulate economic growth.

QUESTION 14

During the 1980s, investors in Taiwan and Hong Kong

poured money into China, building its economy.

were eager to invest in China, but were barred by their governments.

undermined China's economic development by sending covert agents to sabotage factories in China.

undermined China's economic development by flooding world markets with goods with which China's rudimentary factories could not compete.

begged their governments to reunite with the People's Republic of China in order for investors to have the right to invest in mainland China.

QUESTION 15

Immediately after the Communists were victorious in defeating the Guomindang and establishing a new government on the mainland of China, its policy toward capitalists who were not closely tied to the Guomindang was to

protect them.

expropriate their property.

allow them to keep their property but send them to live in rural villages for reeducation.

force them to join the Communist Party.

deport them to the island of Taiwan.

QUESTION 16

The post-revolution Chinese state protected those capitalists without ties to the Guomindang because

those Chinese capitalists were also Chinese Communist Party members

the new ideology of Yan'an held capitalists in high esteem.

Confucianism requires that all classes be equally represented.

the new state needed their economic expertise.

the capitalists were Western citizens, and China did not want to offend Western states.

QUESTION 17

A situation in which there is a loss of effective sovereignty over claimed territory and a total breakdown of law and order is referred to as

authoritarianism.

political bankruptcy.

a political vacuum.

a failed state.

QUESTION 18

The number of small parties competing in elections in both Russia and the Netherlands is a function of

the district system.

the run-off rule.

the mixed presidential-parliamentary system.

the minimum threshold for party representation.

QUESTION 19

Which of the following statements concerning legitimacy by habit is TRUE?

Legitimacy by habit requires the state to provide basic communal goods (such as safety and sanitation).

Only democracies can enjoy legitimacy by habit.

Only nondemocracies can enjoy legitimacy by habit.

States may enjoy legitimacy by habit even when citizens disagree with particular policies.

QUESTION 20

If the ruling party in an authoritarian regime is replaced by another party, it can be said that there has been a change in

sovereignty.

government.

state.

political boundaries.

QUESTION 1

The "forty families" refers to families that through much of the 20th century

controlled much of Peru's agricultural land.

dominated Peru's intellectual life.

formed the core of Peru's military elite.

QUESTION 2

The central base for Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) was in

Bolivia.

the Peruvian capital.

secondary Peruvian coastal cities.

the high jungle (ceja de la selva).

Quito.

QUESTION 3

Which of the following can be said to stand out as a strong feature of the APRA party?

A strong base in a particular region.

A strong base in the rural aristocracy.

A strong base in the Roman Catholic church.

QUESTION 4

Peru's military shifted in the 1960s to

become more leftist and concerned with the poor.

emphasize military ties with Britain.

use force to stop rebellions by landless peasants.

plan an invasion of Bolivia.

plan an invasion of Ecuador.

QUESTION 5

The main American activity that caused some Peruvians to accuse the United States of imperialism in the 1920s was

the investment of American firms in resource extraction (such as mining) in Peru.

the attempt by the United States to annex Peru's principal gold-mining region.

the American military occupation of Peru's northern coast.

American support for Chile during the War of the Pacific.

the activities of American communists in Lima.

QUESTION 6

In his presidential campaign, Alberto Fujimori emphasized his similarity to Peruvians of

indigenous descent.

Spanish descent.

Chinese descent.

Chilean descent.

Japanese descent.

QUESTION 7

In 20th century Peru, in which region did the working class first become mobilized and achieve a significant voice in politics?

the coast.

the highlands.

the jungle.

QUESTION 8

The founder of the APRA movement, Victor Raul Haya de la Torre, argued for

a middle way between socialism and capitalism.

a revolutionary break with capitalism.

the reestablishment of quasi-colonial ties with Spain.

the abandonment of the official use of Spanish language, and the establishment of Quechua as the sole offiical language of Peru.

a return to the traditional ways of Peruvian agrarian society.

QUESTION 9

The Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) carried out a campaign

based on heavy television advertising.

based on explicitly religious appeals.

against drugs.

of terrorism.

in support of what it called "traditional Peruvian values."

QUESTION 10

Although he had railed against political parties, Alberto Fujimori realized he needed some sort of electoral vehicle. The reason was that he needed to

bolster his presidential campaigns.

beef up the ideological content of his movement.

get supporters elected to the legislature.

QUESTION 11

Immediately after the Communists were victorious in defeating the Guomindang and establishing a new government on the mainland of China, its policy toward capitalists who were not closely tied to the Guomindang was to

protect them.

expropriate their property.

allow them to keep their property but send them to live in rural villages for reeducation.

force them to join the Communist Party.

deport them to the island of Taiwan.

QUESTION 12

Bureaucratic pluralism refers to

conflict between bureaucratic organizations in a pluralistic society.

mobilization by government organizations to pressure political leaders to develop more pluralistic politics.

conflict between government organizations that resembles interest group conflicts in liberal political systems.

the creation of a market economy, guided by a plurality of bureaucratic entities.

a political ideology similar to that of structural functionalism, but with greater emphasis on plural bureaucracies.

QUESTION 13

One of the key ways in which the Chinese political system differs from a parliamentary system is that

key policy decisions tend to be made behind closed doors by party leaders.

China has no important political parties.

China has no elections.

China was never part of the British empire.

China does not have a president.

QUESTION 14

After the death of Mao Zedong, China's leaders have decided to

create a regular pattern of succession for China's top leadership positions.

Make Mao Zedong's position as supreme leader hereditary.

make the Mao Zedong personality cult China's official religion.

make the heir to the Manchu imperial throne head of state, and make China a constitutional monarchy.

ban the Communist Party and introduce competitive multiparty elections for China's top positions.

QUESTION 15

Today China's economy is

almost completely based on private ownership.

dominated by private firms, but with state-run firms remaining very important.

largely Stalinist, but with an important role played by private firms.

largely Maoist but with an important role played by private firms.

largely state-run, but with significant capitalist elements.

QUESTION 16

Which of the following formed a coalition with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to unite the power of China against Japanese imperialism?

The Democratic Party (Minzhudang)

The Nationalist Party (Guomindang)

The Taping Rebellions (Shangdihui)

The Royalist Party (Wangdangpai)

The Liberalist Democratic Party (LDP)

QUESTION 17

The Israeli multiparty system is fragmented because

Knesset seats are equally split between the left and the right.

thirteen different political parties competed in the election.

hawks and doves refuse to enter coalitions with one another.

the leading party earns but a minority of the vote.

QUESTION 18

The American Civil Rights movement challenged

the idea that it is common descent that makes people American.

the idea that political freedoms should be enjoyed by all citizens.

the idea that religion has no place in politics.

the political dominance of Catholics in America's major cities.

the dominance of Northern politicians over American politics.

QUESTION 19

Approaches that account for political differences between countries in terms of basic differences in beliefs, attitudes, and values are using the concept of

historical institutionalism.

liberalism (lowercase l).

rational choice.

political culture.

QUESTION 20

Which of the following statements regarding state capacity is TRUE

Some states have unlimited power to enact and enforce laws.

Some authoritarian states possess high capacity.

Governance is possible even if states have no capacity.

Widespread tax evasion is an indicator of high state capacity.

All Mediterranean countries have high capacity.

Question 1

Approaches that account for political differences between countries in terms of basic differences in beliefs, attitudes, and values are using the concept of

historical institutionalism.

liberalism (lowercase l).

rational choice.

political culture.

Question 2

The question, "What rules and institutional rewards account for the same behavior?," is associated with

the rational approach to the study of politics.

the progressive approach to the study of politics.

the historical-institutional approach to the study of politics.

the cultural approach to the study of politics.

Question 3

The 2008 to 2009 crisis in the international financial system

bolstered confidence in market liberalization.

led to the creation of Keynsian economics.

severed the connection between sovereignty and the state.

generated doubt about the Washington Consensus.

confirmed that autonomy is more important than capacity.
 
Question 4

Global economic activity is a threat to which aspect of the state?

bicameralism

judicial activism

sovereignty

the integrity of elections
 
Question 5

What effect have production networks - the production of the iPad, for instance - had on states?

The creation of advanced products such as iPads advances the power of the central state.

States have increased their monopoly on the legitimate use of violence.

Distinct regions in different countries relate to one another rather than to their own central states.

All states have had to follow European Union rules for regional integration.

Question 6

Founding fathers and colonial liberators are often heralded so as to increase

legitimacy by association.

legitimacy by historical, religious, or ethnic identity.

legitimacy by procedures.

legitimacy by indocrination.
 
Question 7

A situation in which there is a loss of effective sovereignty over claimed territory and a total breakdown of law and order is referred to as

authoritarianism.

political bankruptcy.

a political vacuum.

a failed state.

Question 8

The best way to to understand Mexican politics is to say that

there is a state, although it is greatly challenged.

there is no functional state.

there is a very strong state.

rather than a state, there is a traditional pre-Columbian governing structure.

Mexico is really run by the anti-drug police forces of the United States.

Question 9

The number of small parties competing in elections in both Russia and the Netherlands is a function of

the minimum threshold for party representation.

the run-off rule.

the district system.

the mixed presidential-parliamentary system.

Question 10

China is identifiable as a single-party system because

independent candidates are not permitted.

the opposition rarely wins national elections.

its single-member district system never allows the second major party to win.

only one party ever wins the elections.

Question 11

In a constitutional monarchy,

the press is typically controlled by the monarchy.

there is freedom of the press, except with regards to the monarchy.

the press is free to comment on the monarchy.

the press may comment on the peccadilloes of the monarchy but may not comment on matters of substance.

there may be de facto restrictions on the freedom of the press to criticize the monarchy.
 
Question 12

In the British parliamentary system, voters directly elect

legislators.

the prime minister and legislators.

the prime minister.

the monarch.
 
Question 13

Efficiency and accountability are the advantages of which political system?

presidential

parliamentary

authoritarian

fragmented party

Question 14

In all the following ways Latin American ISI and the Asian Tigers' export-led industrialization differed EXCEPT

Latin America pushed for domestic consumption and the Asian Tigers produced for export.

The Asian Tigers emphasized technological acquisition whereas Latin America did not.

The Asian Tigers lacked large endowments of natural resources but Latin American states were endowed with substantial resources such as arable land and mineral deposits.

Latin America assisted state industries, but the East Asian Tigers did not assist particular industries.

Latin American countries sought to evade United States influence whereas the Asian Tigers embraced it.

Question 15

How does the textbook explain the puzzle of the non-democratic governments which created strong state welfare programs?

Authoritarian governments were tricked into providing benefits.

There is not a puzzle as non-democratic governments did not actually have strong welfare programs.

It was groups other than the government that were responsible for a strong welfare state.

Non-democratic governments used import substitution, and a side-effect was a strong welfare state.

Authoritarian governments used the welfare state to appease dissidents.

Question 16

An authoritarian government that provides subsidies on food, fuel, housing, and transportation is typical of

the Asian Tigers and export-driven industrialization

Latin American ISI

the universalistic welfare policies of social democracies

Christian democratic welfare states and means-tested benefits

the OECD and the social welfare state
 
Question 17

Which of the following is not a long-standing point of political conflict in France?

religion

social class

gender

social class

region

Question 18

Within French political parties, the European Union

is welcomed by all political parties on the right

is welcomed by all political parties on the left

is rejected by all political parties on the right

is rejected by all political parties on the left

issue splits political parties on both the right and the left.

Question 19

One of the major sources of immigrants to France since the 1960s has been

Egypt.

Algeria.

Saudi Arabia.

India.

Kenya.

Question 20

The French Fourth Republic

was destroyed by the French Revolution.

suffered from instability.

ended when the Germans annexed Alsace and Lorraine.

failed to protect Jews from the Nazi death camps.

began with the French Revolution.

Most victims of the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) were

peasants.

landowners.

urban industrialists.

QUESTION 2

Within Peruvian politics, how many parties have developed a strong organization and identity that have enabled them to last from the 1920s into the 21st century and to produce candidates that were successfully elected to the office of president?

One

Two

Three

QUESTION 3

The "Hispanicist" Peruvian government of the early 1940s emphasized

Peru's indigenous heritage.

Peru's ties to Hispanics in the United States.

its hostility to white people.

the Protestant character of Peruvian culture.

Peru's ties to Spain.

QUESTION 4

A major change in Peru in the 1950s was that peasants in the highlands began to

be exposed to new ideas and new modes of organization.

develop a powerful political party based on the Quechua language and Inca culture.

mobilize to move the capital of the country from Lima to Cuzco.

QUESTION 5

In Peru the term "oligarchy" refers to

coastal elites with a major stake in the export economy.

owners of the new industrial firms of the late 20th century.

Japanese and Chinese merchants who dominated the retail trade of Lima and other major cities.

the traditional Incan nobility, that still dominate in highland cities such as Cuzco and Huancavelica.

the descendants of German and British entrepreneurs who took over the large highland estates in the 19th century.

QUESTION 6

By using the term "kaleidoscope" the author of your textbook means that Peruvian politics

experiences frequent realignments.

is dominated by racial differences.

is dominated by parties represented by four different colors.

is on a trajectory of moving steadily to the right.

has been dominated by a dizzying array of international organizations.

QUESTION 7

Which strain of Marxist politics was most important in Peru in the 1980s?

Maoism

Leninism

Stalinism

QUESTION 8

In Peru, those who are involved in grass roots organizations are

less aware of their rights under a democracy.

more aware of their rights under a democracy.

primarily focused on party politics.

QUESTION 9

The commodity that provided the economic base of the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) was

gold.

diamonds.

cocaine.

cannabis (marijuana).

opium.

QUESTION 10

Social capital is fundamentally about

trust.

money.

ideology.

QUESTION 11

Today China's economy is

almost completely based on private ownership.

dominated by private firms, but with state-run firms remaining very important.

largely Stalinist, but with an important role played by private firms.

largely Maoist but with an important role played by private firms.

largely state-run, but with significant capitalist elements.

QUESTION 12

Bureaucratic pluralism refers to

conflict between bureaucratic organizations in a pluralistic society.

mobilization by government organizations to pressure political leaders to develop more pluralistic politics.

conflict between government organizations that resembles interest group conflicts in liberal political systems.

the creation of a market economy, guided by a plurality of bureaucratic entities.

a political ideology similar to that of structural functionalism, but with greater emphasis on plural bureaucracies.

QUESTION 13

In contemporary China public protest is

banned.

only permitted if organized by the Communist Party.

only permitted if organized by state-sanctioned ethnic or religious groups.

permitted as long as it is not carried out by former-military officers.

widespread.

QUESTION 14

The organization at the pinnacle of power of the Communist Party of the People's Republic of China is the

Politburo Standing Committee

People's Revolutionary Action Committee

Red Guard

Confucian Authority Review Board

Supreme Soviet Command

QUESTION 15

One of the reasons that Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, while it survived in China, Vietnam, North Korea and Cuba, is that in China, Vietnam, North Korea and Cuba communism was

associated with national liberation and economic strengthening.

associated with the fight against fascism.

part of a move to overthrow feudalism.

less economically destructive.

part of a movement to overthrow traditional patriarchy and hierarchy.

QUESTION 16

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, who led China with the following slogan? "It does not matter if the cat is black or white; so long as it catches mice, it is a good cat."

Mao Zedong.

Deng Xiaoping.

Sun Yat-sen.

Chiang Kaishek.

Liu Shaoqi.

QUESTION 17

The withdrawal of Soviet and American military and financial aid in the 1990s is associated with what outcome?

Proxy states flourished economically.

Former U.S. and U.S.S.R. allies engaged in distant military wars with other states.

All former proxy states adopted communist political systems.

All former proxy states adopted democratic political systems.

Intrastate conflict increased within former U.S. and Soviet allies.

QUESTION 18

The shift from Keynesianism to neoliberalism resulted in

the reduction of state intervention in the economy.

an increase in private, for-profit, military ventures.

international organizations advocating increased state intervention in the economy.

a wave of beggar-thy-neighbor trade policies.

QUESTION 19

A state that is capable of formulating policies without any influence from specialized interests or civil society

has full capacity.

has low capacity.

has no autonomy.

has low autonomy.

has full autonomy.

QUESTION 20

Comparing the U.S. party system with that of most West European countries would yield false conclusions because

the United States does not have political parties.

Western Europe does not have political parties.

the term "party" does not hold the same meaning across countries.

the comparison does not incorporate lessons from developing countries.

Most victims of the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) were

peasants.

landowners.

urban industrialists.

QUESTION 2

Within Peruvian politics, how many parties have developed a strong organization and identity that have enabled them to last from the 1920s into the 21st century and to produce candidates that were successfully elected to the office of president?

One

Two

Three

QUESTION 3

The "Hispanicist" Peruvian government of the early 1940s emphasized

Peru's indigenous heritage.

Peru's ties to Hispanics in the United States.

its hostility to white people.

the Protestant character of Peruvian culture.

Peru's ties to Spain.

QUESTION 4

A major change in Peru in the 1950s was that peasants in the highlands began to

be exposed to new ideas and new modes of organization.

develop a powerful political party based on the Quechua language and Inca culture.

mobilize to move the capital of the country from Lima to Cuzco.

QUESTION 5

In Peru the term "oligarchy" refers to

coastal elites with a major stake in the export economy.

owners of the new industrial firms of the late 20th century.

Japanese and Chinese merchants who dominated the retail trade of Lima and other major cities.

the traditional Incan nobility, that still dominate in highland cities such as Cuzco and Huancavelica.

the descendants of German and British entrepreneurs who took over the large highland estates in the 19th century.

QUESTION 6

By using the term "kaleidoscope" the author of your textbook means that Peruvian politics

experiences frequent realignments.

is dominated by racial differences.

is dominated by parties represented by four different colors.

is on a trajectory of moving steadily to the right.

has been dominated by a dizzying array of international organizations.

QUESTION 7

Which strain of Marxist politics was most important in Peru in the 1980s?

Maoism

Leninism

Stalinism

QUESTION 8

In Peru, those who are involved in grass roots organizations are

less aware of their rights under a democracy.

more aware of their rights under a democracy.

primarily focused on party politics.

QUESTION 9

The commodity that provided the economic base of the Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) was

gold.

diamonds.

cocaine.

cannabis (marijuana).

opium.

QUESTION 10

Social capital is fundamentally about

trust.

money.

ideology.

QUESTION 11

Today China's economy is

almost completely based on private ownership.

dominated by private firms, but with state-run firms remaining very important.

largely Stalinist, but with an important role played by private firms.

largely Maoist but with an important role played by private firms.

largely state-run, but with significant capitalist elements.

QUESTION 12

Bureaucratic pluralism refers to

conflict between bureaucratic organizations in a pluralistic society.

mobilization by government organizations to pressure political leaders to develop more pluralistic politics.

conflict between government organizations that resembles interest group conflicts in liberal political systems.

the creation of a market economy, guided by a plurality of bureaucratic entities.

a political ideology similar to that of structural functionalism, but with greater emphasis on plural bureaucracies.

QUESTION 13

In contemporary China public protest is

banned.

only permitted if organized by the Communist Party.

only permitted if organized by state-sanctioned ethnic or religious groups.

permitted as long as it is not carried out by former-military officers.

widespread.

QUESTION 14

The organization at the pinnacle of power of the Communist Party of the People's Republic of China is the

Politburo Standing Committee

People's Revolutionary Action Committee

Red Guard

Confucian Authority Review Board

Supreme Soviet Command

QUESTION 15

One of the reasons that Communism collapsed in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, while it survived in China, Vietnam, North Korea and Cuba, is that in China, Vietnam, North Korea and Cuba communism was

associated with national liberation and economic strengthening.

associated with the fight against fascism.

part of a move to overthrow feudalism.

less economically destructive.

part of a movement to overthrow traditional patriarchy and hierarchy.

QUESTION 16

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, who led China with the following slogan? "It does not matter if the cat is black or white; so long as it catches mice, it is a good cat."

Mao Zedong.

Deng Xiaoping.

Sun Yat-sen.

Chiang Kaishek.

Liu Shaoqi.

QUESTION 17

The withdrawal of Soviet and American military and financial aid in the 1990s is associated with what outcome?

Proxy states flourished economically.

Former U.S. and U.S.S.R. allies engaged in distant military wars with other states.

All former proxy states adopted communist political systems.

All former proxy states adopted democratic political systems.

Intrastate conflict increased within former U.S. and Soviet allies.

QUESTION 18

The shift from Keynesianism to neoliberalism resulted in

the reduction of state intervention in the economy.

an increase in private, for-profit, military ventures.

international organizations advocating increased state intervention in the economy.

a wave of beggar-thy-neighbor trade policies.

QUESTION 19

A state that is capable of formulating policies without any influence from specialized interests or civil society

has full capacity.

has low capacity.

has no autonomy.

has low autonomy.

has full autonomy.

QUESTION 20

Comparing the U.S. party system with that of most West European countries would yield false conclusions because

the United States does not have political parties.

Western Europe does not have political parties.

the term "party" does not hold the same meaning across countries.

the comparison does not incorporate lessons from developing countries.