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1. Suppose that as a result of global warming, forest cover declines over the earth, reaching a low of 70% of current forested area. Assume the albedo of forest is 0.10, while that of the land cover that replaces it is 0.15. Further assume that the cloudiness and transmissivity of the sky above the former forested area is typical of Earth's average (and thus has the same RA and TA as the atmosphere as a whole).a. Using the multiple-scattering formalism, calculate the new albedo of the entire earth as a result of the albedo change accompanying this shift in land cover. (15 pts.)b. Make a back-of-the envelope estimate of what the world-wide reduction in evapotranspiration (ET) would be if the ET rate from forest is twice that from the grassland or cropland that replaces it. Express your answer as a change in watts/m2 leaving Earth's surface. (You will have to make some pretty bold assumptions here about what contribution forests make to present-day ET; state those assumptions clearly) (15 pts.)c. Estimate the combined effect of the reduction in ET and the increase in albedo on Earth's average surface temperature. (State any assumptions explicitly, but keep them as simple as possible.) Is this a negative or positive feedback to global warming? (20 pts.)d. Describe qualitatively one other global climatic consequence that would likely result from the decline in forested area on Earth. (5 pts.)
As the Euro has become an emerging currency of choice for international transactions, what do you think would happen to the U.S. dollar (and America's status as the top economic power) if the Euro dethroned the U.S. dollar and became the currency of ..
Could you help me form a Mission statement for a prison facility that I am creating for a project?
children are as intellectually as able as adults, his studies might have used questions too difficult for children and therefore underestimated their competency.
The Hudson Engineering Group(HEG) has contacted you to create a database for its training program. The HEG has several instructors, and offers advanced technology courses, each of which may be taught several times a year.
Although consumers may be relatively price insensitive toward an innovative product, manufacturers will offer a low price to the distributors and retailers. Why?
Where can Nicolette find additional information to help her develop a WBS for the tournament?
Both the inseparability of mind and body and the interaction of nature and nurture are most clearly emphasized by:
What in your view would be best way of dealing with problem so as to both secure nation's vital interests and maintain reputation as the moral force in world affairs?
In the early 1990s, the U.S.S.R. was embarking on a series of structural social and economic reforms that were designed to completely alter its failed political and ideological history.
What are the categories that best describe the negative mentoring experiences reported by proteges?
What are Theatre Models of Consciousness?
Briefly explain the representativeness heuristic and anchoring heuristic. Then describe one example from work, home, or a social setting when the heuristic can be useful and helpful, and one example of when it is not helpful, and why.
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