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The relationship of free energy change (?G) to the concentrations of reactants and products is important because it predicts the direction of spontaneous chemical reactions. Familiarity with this relationship is essential for understanding energy conversions in cells. Consider for example the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi): ATP + H20 ? ADP + Pi The free energy change due to ATP hydrolysis is ?G = ?Go + RT ln [ADP] [Pi] [ATP] = ?Go + 2.3 RT log [ADP] [Pi] [ATP] A. Calculate the ?G for ATP hydrolysis when the concentration of ATP, ADP and Pi are all equal to 1mM. What is ?G when the concentration of ATP, ADP, and Pi when the concentrations of ATP, ADP and Pi are all equal to 2M? B. What will ?G equal when the hydrolysis reaction reaches equilibrium? At [Pi] = 5mM, what will be the ratio of [ATP] to [ADP] at equilibrium C. Show that, at a constant [Pi] , ?G decreases by 1.4kcal/mole for every 10-fold increase in the ration of [ATP] to [ADP], regardless of the value of ?Go.
Assume that decomposers were removed from the forest ecosystem; predict what would happen to the rate of nitrogen cycling. Explain the logic behind your prediction.
Discuss and define subinvolution. List the symptoms. How is this treated? What surgical procedure might be needed?
Within an essay response, discuss the next concepts: an antioxidant's function, free radicals and their effect on the human body, sources of vitamin C, optimal delivery system for vitamin C, and precautions for use of vitamin C.
Myosin action differs from that of kinesin in that one of the kinesin heads is always in contact with a microtubule, whereas both myosin heads become completely detached from the actin filament.
After one minute, ask your subjects to close their eyes. Once their eyes are closed, ask them to recite everything in the room that is different colour than the one they were looking for, for in case, anything and everything that is green.
In the fruit fly, the wild type purple eye color is produced through a combination of brown xanthommatin and bright-red drosopterin pigments.
What is the function of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in genetic engineering? To cut DNA into many fragments.To carry DNA into a new cell.To make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA.
Critically explain the environment and outcome of the environmental problems, the strategies and factors which affect the environment and prevention of the environmental strategies with the graphical explanation.
Assume you are creating a PCR reaction mixture with a total volume of 50µL. The primer set concentration is 1µl primer/10µl reaction volume.
Crick, Brenner, and colleagues conducted experiments in 1961 using mutants in the rII locus of the T4 phage. They were able to show that certain mutations could be reversed if they.
A recent report hypothesized that the IQ of children that are first-born differs from those that are born later. They found that first-born children have higher IQ’s than later born children, but you do not believe this is correct.
List two benefits to sexual reproduction, List two benefits to asexual reproduction, Explain what monogamy, polygyny, and polyandry are
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