Reference no: EM13908944

Part 1:

Description

You are given C code for an application that draws dragon curve fractal producing output as you see in the picture on the left. Your task (if you choose to accept) is to transfer curve calculation section of the provided application to OpenCL kernel and to investigate kernel execution times with input depths of 5, 10 and 12.

To build the application use the provided Makefile. The application can be launched with input depth of 10 as follows:

~$ ./dragon 10 > output.pnm

Deliverables

You are expected to produce the OpenCL kernel and the application driver. In addition a document detailing the following points is expected:

1. Understanding of the algorithm

2. Explanation for the chosen kernel implementation

3. Analysis of the measurements made. An explanation is required

You are allowed to use the matrix-matrix multiplication example as the starting base.

Part2

Description

In this assignment, you will experiment with how to accelerate application kernel using GPU architecture and explore GPU design space with a GPU simulation environment. To complete this homework, you need to download GPGPU-Sim (https://www.gpgpu-sim.org/). GPGPU-Sim is a GPU simulator that provides a model for detailed studies of GPU architecture. It supports GPU software written using either CUDA or Open CL. You need access to Linux-based systems in order to run the simulator. The studied application is the kernel function for bitcoin mining.

It is divided into the following steps. Please submit your Open CL code and a report that documents what you did, results and analysis.

Part A: Open CL. Convert bitcoin kernel function into Open CL. Take the bitcoin mining kernel function (written in C) and convert it to Open CL. The bitcoin kernel function performs two hashes (SHA256) and tests the output. The mining kernel can be accelerated using GPU streaming processors and parallel threads.

Part B: GPGPU-Sim. Test the developed bitcoin mining kernel using GPGPU-Sim. Use the GPU configuration below.

Number of Shader Cores	28
Warp Size	32
SIMD Pipeline Width	8
Number of Threads/Core	1024
Number of CTAs /Core	8
Number of Registers /Core	16384
Shared Memory Size /Core (KB)	16 KB
Constant Cache Size /Core	8KB (2 way set assoc, 64B lines LRU)
Texture Cache Size /Core	64KB (2 way set assoc. 64B lines LRU)
Number of Memory Channels	8
L1 Cache	None
L2 Cache	None
Warp Scheduling Policy	Round Robin among ready warps

Report performance for the following:
- Classification of bitcoin mining kernel's instruction type (percentage of each dynamic instruction types)
- Breakdown of memory operations (shared, constant, tex, local, global)
- Warp occupancy (number of active threads in an issued warp)
- Performance of shared memory and constant cache
- IPC for bitcoin mining kernel (instructions per cycle)

Part C: Code Optimization. Optimize the bitcoin mining kernel using loop unrolling and compare GPU performance. Does the optimization improve Warp occupancy, IPC, or memory performance?

Part D: GPU Design Space Exploration. The next exercise explores the design space of GPU architecture for accelerating the bitcoin mining kernel.

Will increasing the number of threads per core improve bitcoin mining performance?

Experiment and compare the performance using different number of threads/core.

Number of Shader Cores	28
Warp Size	32
SIMD Pipeline Width	8
Number of Threads/Core	1024/1536/2048
Number of CTAs /Core	8
Number of Registers /Core	16384
Shared Memory Size /Core (KB)	16 KB
Constant Cache Size /Core	8KB (2 way set assoc, 64B lines LRU)
Texture Cache Size /Core	64KB (2 way set assoc. 64B lines LRU)
Number of Memory Channels	8

L1 Cache	None
L2 Cache	None
Warp Scheduling Policy	Round Robin among ready warps

Will increasing the number of registers per core improve bitcoin mining performance?

Number of Shader Cores	28
Warp Size	32
SIMD Pipeline Width	8
Number of Threads/Core	1024
Number of CTAs /Core	8
Number of Registers /Core	16384/24576/32768
Shared Memory Size /Core (KB)	16 KB
Constant Cache Size /Core	8KB (2 way set assoc, 64B lines LRU)
Texture Cache Size /Core	64KB (2 way set assoc. 64B lines LRU)
Number of Memory Channels	8
L1 Cache	None
L2 Cache	None
Warp Scheduling Policy	Round Robin among ready warps

Experiment and compare the performance using different number of registers /core.

Will increasing shared memory size or texture cache size improve bitcoin mining performance? Answer the question with performance measurement.

Assume you want to maximize bitcoin mining performance by adding new features to the GPU. Bitcoin mining kernel computes SHA-256 hash calculations. SHA-256 algorithm utilizes a 32-bit integer right rotate operation. Right rotation of n = 11100101 by 3 makes n = 10111100 (Right shifted by 3 and last 3 bits are put back in first ) if n is stored using 8 bits. If n is stored using 16 bits or 32 bits then right rotation of n (000...11100101) by 3 becomes 101000..0011100.

As a GPU designer, you decide to add a funnel shifter to accelerate the integer shift operations. The funnel shifter is pipelined (ptx_opcode_latency = 1, and ptx_opcode_initiation = 1). For developers, a 64-bit "funnel shift" instruction that may be accessed with the following intrinsics:

funnelshift_lc(): returns most significant 32 bits of a left funnel shift.

funnelshift_rc(): returns least significant 32 bits of a right funnel shift.

These intrinsics are implemented as inline device functions (using inline PTX assembler). By default, the least significant 5 bits of the shift count are masked off; the _lc and _rc intrinsics clamp the shift value to the range 0..32.

INTRINSIC	DESCRIPTION
funnelshift_l(hi, lo, sh)	Concatenates [hi:lo] into a 64-bit quantity, shifts it left by (sh&31)bits, and returns the most significant 32 bits
funnelshift_lc(hi, lo, sh)	Concatenates [hi:lo] into a 64-bit quantity, shifts it left by min(sh,32) bits, and returns the most significant 32 bits
funnelshift_r(hi, lo, sh)	Concatenates [hi:lo] into a 64-bit quantity, shifts it right by (sh&31) bits, and returns the least significant 32 bits
funnelshift_rc(hi, lo, sh)	Concatenates [hi:lo] into a 64-bit quantity, shifts it right by min(sh,32) bits, and returns the least significant 32 bits

To complete this question, you need to add extension to GPGPU-sim to take into account this new support for shift operations and simulate its performance (assume one funnel shift unit per SP).

Re-write the bitcoin mining kernel using funnel shift intrinsics and measure its performance using the modified GPGPU-sim with funnel shift support. Can bitcoin mining performance be improved significantly using the dedicated hardware support for integer shift operations? Answer the question using simulated performance measures.

Please submit your GPGPU-sim code, Open CL bitcoin mining kernel using funnel shift intrinsic, and a report that documents design of your extension to GPGPU-sim, performance results, and analysis.

Attachment:- hwDocs.rar