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You are interested in cell size regulation and discover that signaling through an enzyme-coupled receptor is important for the growth of mouse liver cells. Activation of the receptor activates adenylyl cyclase, which ultimately leads to the activation of PKA, which then phosphorylates a transcription factor called TFS on thereonine 42. This phosphorylation is necessary for the binding of TFS to its specific sites on DNA, where it then activates the transcription of Sze2, a gene that encodes a protein important for liver cell growth. You find that liver cells lacking the receptor are 15% smaller than normal cells, whereas cells that express a constitutively activated version of PKA are 15% larger than normal liver cells. Given these results, predict whether you would expect the cell's size to be bigger or smaller than normal cells if cells were treated in the following fashion.
A. You change theonine 42 on TFS to an alanine residue.
B. You create a version of the receptor that is constitutively active.
C. You add a drug that inhibits adenylyl cyclase
D. You add a drug that increases the activity of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.
E. You mutate the cAMP-binding sites in the regulatory subunits of PKA, so that the complex binds cAMP more tightly.
A diploid species has 2n = 52 chromosomes. If you found a monosomy in a member of this species, how many chromosomes would it have?
Explain an invasive species discovered within the United States. Include in your description where it is found, where it originated from, what impact it has on the environment.
Each olfactory receptor gene is involved in detecting specific odors. However, humans are losing OR genes, while mice and other mammals have ~ 1500 such gene.
Reverse transcriptase might be present in cells that have not been infected by a retrovirus since of the presence of what.
In a herd of Shorthorn cattle the frequency of the r allele is .4. Because of prevalence of pinkeye, white cows produce and average of 0.60 calves that reach puberty.
In the cell bio lab, we use company manufactured gels, however you can make you own polyacrylamide gels. Discuss all of the ingredients found in an SDS-PAGE gel.
When glucagon binds to it is receptor on a liver cell, which one of the following sequences of events occurs to activate protein kinase A?
Important functions of skeletal system involve: protection of the brain and soft organs. storage of water. production of Vitamin E.
The result of mitosis is that daughter cells end up with similar number of chromosomes just as the parent cell.Explain how the results of mitosis differ between two processes of cell division?
The best characterization of apoptosis is: the unwanted, unexpected death of a cell. cell death is a normal consequence of a cell living long enough to eventually be killed by accident.
Filling out two Punnett squares for a cross between a male with blood type B and a female with blood type AB. Build two Punnett squares and answer the following questions about them.
Estimate the phenotypic ratios for monohybrid, dihybrid, and trihybrid crosses involving dominant/recessive loci? Using transmission genetics and the rules of probability.
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