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A process fluid is pumped from the bottom of one distillation column to another, using a centrifugal pump. The line is standard commercial steel pipe 75 mm internal diameter. From the column to the pump inlet the line is 25 m long and contains six standard elbows and a fully open gate valve. From the pump outlet to the second column the line is 250 m long and contains ten standard elbows, four gate valves (operated fully open), and a flow-control valve. The fluid level in the first column is 4 m above the pump inlet. The feed point of the second column is 6 m above the pump inlet. The operating pressure in the first column is 1.05 bara and that of the second column 0.3 barg.
Determine the operating point on the pump characteristic curve when the flow is such that the pressure drop across the control valve is 35 kN/m2.
The physical properties of the fluid are: density 875 kg/m3, viscosity 1.46 mN m-2 s. Also, determine the NPSH, at this flow rate, if the vapor pressure of the fluid at the pump suction is 25 kN/m2.
Pump characteristics:
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Use molecular orbital theory to predict whether the bond order in the superoxide ion, O2-, should be higher or lower than the bond order in neutral O2 molecule.Is the bond order of O2- higer or lower than that of O2?
The process used in the manufacture of aniline from nitrobenzene is described in Appendix F, Design Problem F.8, which is available in the online material at booksite.Elsevier.com/Towler. The process involves six significant stages:
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