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The interaction between bases on different strands of DNA molecules depends somewhat on the identities of neighboring bases. For example, the melting temperature of an oligonucleotide with the sequence 5'-GGGGGAAAAA-3' is different than that of 5'-GAGAGAGAGA-3' even though both contain the exact same number of G-C and A-T base pairs. (The melting temperature is the temperature at which half of the base pairs are broken between the oligonucleotide and its complementary sequence). Therefore, instead of treating a DNA helix as a string of independent base pairs, many thermodynamic algorithms that calculate DNA melting temperatures use the nearest-neighbor model, which treats a DNA helix as a string of interactions between neighboring base pairs. Thus, the sequence GGCTGC contains the nearest neighbors GG, GC, CT and TG and has nearest neighbor frequencies of GG=0.2, GC=0.4, CT=0.2 and TG=0.2. (All sequences written in the standard 5' è 3' directionality)
The nearest-neighbor frequencies of a certain double stranded DNA molecule are: AG= 0.15; GT= 0.03; CC= 0.08, and TT= 0.10. In each case the nearest neighbor is written in the 5'?3' direction. What would be the nearest neighbor frequencies of CT, AC, GG and AA?
The sickle cell allele remains quite high populations of those with African Ancestry, and worldwide distribution of the sickle cell gene matches very closely to the worldwide distribution of Malaria.
After contact with a patient spinal fluid a lab technician develop fever nausea and purple lessions on her neck and extremities. A throat culture grew gram negative diplococci. What is genus of the bacteria.
Advantages and disadvantages of keeping a family member with the Multiple Sclerosis within a nursing care facility. Specify some of the questions you may utilize to start the discussion? How will you prepare yourself in order to keep the discussion f..
Assume you are studying three traits in tropical fish: black and white striped pattern is completely dominant to solid color. For eye color, brown eyes are dominant to hazel eyes.
An enzyme and its substrate are combined in a test tube but no product is formed. Another molecule is added to the tube, and now the product is formed at the normal rate. Give 2 reasons.what type of inhibition is working on the substrate.
Suppose that the cell membrane is permeable to water but not to ions, Explain what will happen to the cell in terms of osmosis. If the membrane were permeable to ions,
In a pathway controlling flower color, a functioning copy of gene A is required to produce enzyme A, which catalyzes the synthesis of red pigment.
Suppose that a typical stomach pH of 2.0, how many times more concentrated are the hydrogen ions inside your stomach than in milk?
Explain the plant life, animal life, and geology of the ecosystem in the area in which you live. What populations and communities are there? How dependent is your community on this ecosystem? What are the limiting factors of ecosystem.
The membrane vesicles are next washed, the membranes solubilized and the proteins denatured and analyzed by SDS gel electrophoresis and Western blotting using polyclonal antibodies against glycophorin A, an erythrocyte plasma membrane protein.
Ethanol in the body is oxidized to acetaldehyde by liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Other alcohols are also oxidized by LADH. For example, methanol, which is mildly intoxicating.
Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by the deletion of the paternal copy of a small section of human chromosome fifteen. In normal individuals, only the paternal copies of the genes in this section of chromosome fifteen are expressed;
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