Reference no: EM131279869

SECTION 1: TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

1. Managers and leaders are the same.

2. Effective leaders do not need a high degree of knowledge about the company, industry, and technical matters.

3. Cognitive theories are leadership theories that identified behaviors that differentiated effective leaders from ineffective leaders.

4. The least-preferred coworker questionnaire measures whether a person is task or relationship oriented.

5. Robert House assumed that leadership style changes depending on the situation.

6. Path-goal theory holds that subordinates with an external locus of control will be more satisfied with a directive style.

7. Transactional and transformational leadership are opposing approaches to getting things done.

8. Charisma is the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, attractive vision of the future for any organization or organizational unit that grows out of and improves on the present.

9. A charismatic leader is likely seen as being self-confident and influential.

10. People working for charismatic leaders are motivated to exert extra work effort but express lower satisfaction.

11. Charismatic leadership may not always be needed to achieve high levels of employee performance.

12. The key properties of a vision seem to be inspirational possibilities that are value centered, are realizable, have superior imagery, and are well articulated.

13. One specific role of team leadership is that team leaders are troubleshooters.

14. When team leaders assume the role of troubleshooter, they clarify expectations and roles, teach, and offer support.

15. Legitimate power and authority are one and the same.

16. Credibility is the degree to which followers perceive someone as honest, competent, and able to inspire.

17. Trust is the belief in the integrity, character, and ability of a leader.

18. Of the five dimensions that make up the concept of trust, loyalty seems to be the most critical when someone assesses another's trustworthiness.

19. Ethical leaders may use their charisma to enhance their power over followers and use that power for self-serving purposes.

20. Empowerment involves increasing the decision-making discretion of workers.

Section 2: Multiple-Choice Questions

For each of the following choose the answer that most completely answers the question.

21. Persons who are able to influence others and who possess managerial authority are termed ______________.
a. managers
b. leaders
c. organizers
d. visionaries

22. Leadership is __________________.
a. the process of influencing a group toward the achievement of goals
b. a group that achieves goals
c. the function of influencing a group towards the achievement of goals
d. directing a group towards the achievement of goals

23. Early leadership trait research sought _______________.
a. to clarify the need for leadership traits
b. and found the traits status of leaders
c. identification of traits that leaders could use
d. characteristics that might differentiate leaders from non-leaders

24. Trait theory ignores __________.
a. the interactions of leaders
b. the characteristics of the group members
c. the interactions of leaders and their group members as well as situational factors
d. situational factors in the leadership research

25. The _______________ style of leadership describes a leader who tends to involve employees in decision making, delegate authority, encourage participation in deciding work methods and goals, and use feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees.
a. cultural
b. autocratic
c. democratic
d. laissez-faire

26. Which of the following describes the leadership style in which the leader generally gives the group complete freedom to make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it sees fit?
a. cultural style
b. autocratic style
c. democratic style
d. laissez-faire style

27. According to the Ohio State studies, which of the following dimensions of leader behavior refers to the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and the roles of group members in the search for goal attainment?
a. intelligence structure
b. psychological structure
c. initiating structure
d. consideration structure

28. According to the Ohio State studies, the dimension of leader behavior that is defined as the extent to which a leader had job relationships characterized by mutual trust and respect for group members' ideas and feelings is called ______________.
a. initiation
b. consideration
c. cultural
d. physical

29. The managerial grid uses __________.
a. a two-dimensional grid for appraising leadership styles
b. two behavioral dimensions of leadership style
c. a two-dimensional grid for determining leadership styles
d. a two-dimensional grid for assessing the dimensions of leadership styles

30. The Fiedler model was based on the premise that a certain leadership style would be _________________.
a. effective depending on the followers
b. more effective than concern for production
c. less effective than the behavioral styles models
d. most effective in different types of situations

31. Fiedler's least-preferred coworker questionnaire seeks to measure what leadership factor?
a. subordinate needs
b. leader's style
c. situation
d. subordinate coworker influence

32. Fiedler assumed a person's leadership style was _______________.
a. contingent
b. relative
c. dimensional
d. fixed

33. Research by Fiedler uncovered three contingency dimensions that define the key __________.
a. situational factors for determining leader effectiveness
b. follower factors for determining leader effectiveness
c. leader behavioral style factors for determining leader effectiveness
d. situational factors for determining follower effectiveness

34. Fiedler's dimension termed ______________ is the degree of confidence, trust, and respect subordinates had for their leader.
a. leader-member relations
b. power relationship
c. task structure
d. authority

35. Which of the following are two of the three key situational factors Fiedler felt were important in determining leader effectiveness?
a. leader-member relations and maturity of followers
b. organizational success and position power
c. task structure and leader-member relations
d. maturity of organization and subordinates

36. The degree to which the job assignments are formalized and procedurized is the ______________ contingency dimension according to Fiedler.
a. position power
b. subordinate maturity
c. task structure
d. centralization

37. Fiedler's term ______________ refers to the degree of influence a leader has over power-based activities.
a. leader-member relations
b. position power
c. responsibility
d. task structure

38. The ______________ theory is a contingency theory that focuses on followers' readiness.
a. consideration leadership
b. situational leadership
c. passive leadership
d. active leadership

39. Which of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides both directive and supportive behavior?
a. telling
b. selling
c. participating
d. delegating

40. The main role of the leader is to facilitate and communicate in which of the following leadership styles?
a. telling
b. selling
c. participating
d. delegating

41. Which of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides little direction or support?
a. telling
b. selling
c. participating
d. delegating

42. What leadership model is associated with Vroom and Yetton?
a. contingency leadership theory
b. situational leadership theory
c. path-goal model
d. leader participation model

43. Vroom and Yetton's model argues that leader behavior must __________.
a. reflect the needs of the followers
b. develop to the appropriate leadership style
c. adjust to reflect the task structure
d. depend on the situational variables involved

44. According to path-goal theory, a leader who lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks is termed _______________.
a. directive
b. achievement oriented
c. participative
d. supportive

45. According to path-goal theory, a leader who is friendly and shows concern for the needs of subordinates is termed _______________.
a. directive
b. achievementoriented
c. participative
d. supportive

46. According to path-goal theory, a manager who consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions exhibits what type of leadership behavior?
a. directive
b. achievementoriented
c. participative
d. supportive

47. A leader who sets challenging goals and expects very high performance levels from subordinates is classified as what type of leader, according to path-goal theory?
a. supportive
b. participative
c. achievementoriented
d. democratic

48. Path-goal theory identifies two classes of situation variables that moderate the leadership-behavior outcome as _________________.
a. tact and relationship
b. path and goal
c. people and history
d. environment and followers

49. Which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "environment"?
a. task structure and formal authority system
b. locus of control and experience
c. perceived ability
d. employee satisfaction

50. Which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "follower"?
a. locus of control
b. performance
c. employee satisfaction
d. formal authority system

51. According to the path-goal theory, directive leadership will lead to higher employee satisfaction when there is ______________ within a work group.
a. cohesiveness
b. high structure
c. substantial conflict
d. internal locus of control

52. Transactional leaders are leaders who guide _________________.
a. and direct groups towards their goals and tasks
b. and clarify the followers' goals and task requirements
c. or clarify the group's goals and roles
d. or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements

53. Which of the following is an accurate statement about transformational leaders?
a. They are poor motivators.
b. They clarify task requirements.
c. They exhibit more than just charisma.
d. They focus on tasks and pay little attention to followers.

54. Which type of leaders attempts to instill in followers the ability to question not only established views but those views held by the leader?
a. transactional
b. charismatic
c. trait
d. transformational

55. A leader, such as Bill Gates of Microsoft, who can inspire followers above their own self-interests and can have a profound effect on their performance, is known as a(n) _____________.
a. transactional leader
b. directive leader
c. informational leader
d. transformational leader

56. Which of the following is notone of the qualities that are related to effectiveness in the roles of visionary leaders?
a. the ability to explain the vision to others
b. the ability to express the vision not just verbally but through behavior
c. the ability to extend or apply the vision to different leadership contexts
d. the ability to stimulate and inspire followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes

57. Which of the following is not an important leadership role for team leaders?
a. liaison with external constituencies
b. liaison with internal constituencies
c. troubleshooter
d. conflict manager

58. When a team leader secures needed resources, clarifies others' expectations of the team, gathers information from the outside, and shares that information with team members, the team leader is a _______________.
a. liaison with external constituencies
b. coach
c. conflict manager
d. troubleshooter

59. Team leaders are acting as conflict managers when they _______________.
a. represent the team to other constituencies
b. ask penetrating questions of the team
c. help identify the resolution options available
d. offer support for team members

60. All of the following are sources of leader power except ______________.
a. legitimate
b. status
c. expert
d. coercive

61. Which of the following is the type of power a person has because of his or her position in the formal organizational hierarchy?
a. legitimate power
b. coercive power
c. reward power
d. expert power

62. ______________ is the power that rests on the leader's ability to punish or control.
a. Reward power
b. Coercive power
c. Expert power
d. Referent power

63. ______________ is the power to give positive benefit or rewards.
a. Reward power
b. Coercive power
c. Expert power
d. Referent power

64. Your firm's attorney has ______________ power when giving legal advice.
a. legitimate
b. status
c. expert
d. coercive

65. __________ is the power that arises because of a person's desirable resources or personal traits.
a. Expert power
b. Referent power
c. Reward power
d. Legitimate power

66. When a young child emulates a professional sports star's behavior, the star has what kind of power over the child?
a. legitimate
b. expert
c. coercive
d. referent

67. The most dominant component of credibility is ______________.
a. expertise
b. status
c. authority
d. honesty

68. The dimension of trust that is used to describe honesty and truthfulness is _______________.
a. integrity
b. competence
c. consistency
d. loyalty

69. The dimension of trust that is used to describe reliability, predictability, and good judgment in handling situations is termed ______________.
a. integrity
b. competence
c. consistency
d. loyalty

70. How are ethics a part of leadership?
a. Transactional leaders have been described as fostering moral virtue when they try to change the attitudes and behaviors of followers.
b. Unethical leaders may use their charisma in more socially constructive ways to serve others.
c. Ethics are used when leaders give themselves large salaries while they lay off employees.
d. Trust explicitly deals with the leadership traits of honesty and integrity.

71. Providing moral leadership involves addressing the _______________.
a. meansthat a leader uses in trying to achieve goals as well as the content of those goals
b. ends of achieving goals
c. leadership style used
d. gender issues

72. Why are more and more companies empowering employees?
a. Management needs to make quick decisions.
b. Organizational upsizing left many managers with smaller spans of control.
c. Empowerment is appropriate for all circumstances.
d. Managers must cope with increased work demands.

73. One general conclusion that surfaces from leadership research is that _______________.
a. effective leaders do not use any single style
b. leaders always make good team leaders
c. national culture is a situational variable in determining which leadership style will be most effective
d. women are better leaders than men

74. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the differences between gender and leadership style?
a. Males and females do not use different styles.
b. Men are more democratic than women.
c. Women encourage more participation.
d. Men share power more than women.

75. __________ to motivate others by transforming their self-interest into organizational goals.
a. Women tend to use transformational leadership
b. Women tend to use transactional leadership
c. Men tend to use transactional leadership
d. Men tend to use transformational leadership
76. Men tend to use _____________ leadership, handing out rewards for good work and punishment for bad.
a. transactional
b. transformational
c. situational
d. initiating
A Leadership Junkie (Scenario)

Carrie is a leadership "junkie." She has read all of the latest popular management texts on leadership and strongly feels that it has improved her ability to manage and perform her job.

77. At home, Carrie was fixing dinner and thinking about the new CEO her firm had hired. In her speech the previous day, the new CEO had discussed her experience in the industry and her education. Carrie thought that the new CEO would do a great job given these characteristics, coupled with how well-spoken she was and the fact that she just looked like a CEO. Laughing, Carrie realized that she had been judging the new CEO in a manner consistent with the ___________ theories of leadership that were popular in the 1920s and 1930s.
a. trait
b. behavioral
c. contingency
d. situational

Mediation (Scenario)
Carlos, the team leader, will be mediating a dispute between three team members who are bickering about overtime assignments. He recently learned about the technique of letting the parties involved in the dispute come up with the solution.

78. In working with his employees, Carlos tries to ensure that they are involved in decision making and he encourages them to participate in deciding their work methods and goals. Carlos's leadership style can best be described as ______________.
a. autocratic
b. laissez-faire
c. democratic
d. despotic

Jack and Jill (Scenario)

Jack Jones and Jill Smith are both managers at a medium-sized medical supply firm. Jack emphasizes to his people that the work must be done, regardless of circumstances, and encourages his employees to meet their sales quotas. He is generally liked, but because sales are unstructured, sometimes his employees resent his rather heavy-handed approach. Jill has tried hard to build a good rapport with her employees and knows each of their families. She encourages her employees to work hard, but to be certain to take time for themselves and their families.

79. Fiedler's contingency model would classify Jack as ______________ oriented.
a. employee
b. organization
c. task
d. relationship

80. Fiedler's contingency model would classify Jill as ______________ oriented.
a. employee
b. organization
c. task
d. relationship

81. Which of the following would be assumed by Fiedler's contingency model about the leadership styles of Jack and Jill?
a. The leadership styles can be adjusted to fit the situation.
b. The leadership styles are fixed, regardless of the situation.
c. The leadership styles can be changed with appropriate training.
d. Jack's style is well suited for unstructured tasks.

82. Fiedler would expect that the best leadership style was a function of _______________.
a. leader-member relations, task structure, and position power
b. formal authority, production process, and personality of employees
c. chain of command, relationships, and power
d. type of organization, personality of leader, and education of employees

The Path to Leadership (Scenario)
Brooke is a manager of the nightshift in a nursing home. She has been reading literatureon House's path-goal theory and would like to apply that information to becoming a better leader.

83. Brooke should understand that the path-goal theory is a(n) ______________ model of leadership that extracts key elements from the expectancy theory of motivation.
a. fixed
b. alternative
c. contingency
d. untested

84. Brooke generally lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks. She would be termed a(n) ______________ leader.
a. achievement-oriented
b. participative
c. supportive
d. directive

85. Brooke would like to become a participative leader. She should ________________.
a. let subordinates know what's expected of them, schedule work to be done, and give specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks
b. be friendly and show concern for the needs of subordinates
c. consult with subordinates and use their suggestions before making a decision
d. set challenging goals and expect subordinates to perform at their highest level

86. Brooke has decided that the appropriate leadership style would be to show friendliness and concern for the needs of her subordinates. She wishes to be a(n) ______________ leader.
a. achievement-oriented
b. participative
c. supportive
b. directive

The Proactive Supervisor (Scenario)

Roberta has been a departmental supervisor and feels that in order to be a leader to the employees she supervises, she has to many times utilize a different type of leader behavior. Recently, she met with the employees to let them know what she expected of them and the schedules they had for the products to be shipped.She also gave some specific assignments to individuals and the tasks she expected to be completed. Roberta really enjoys the time that she sometimes gets to spend with the employees so they can see that she is friendly and has concern for the employees. She also likes to consult with the employees for suggestions prior to making a decision. Prior to the start of a new fiscal year, Roberta always meets with the employees to establish challenging goals and expectations for the followers to perform at their highest level.

87. When she recently met with the employees to let them know both what she expected of them and also the product schedulesand assignments, she was performing which of the following leadership styles?
a. directive leader
b. supportive leader
c. participative leader
d. achievement-oriented leader

88. When Roberta gets to spend time with the employees so they can see that she is friendly and has concern for the employees, she is performing which of the following leadership styles?
a. directive leader
b. supportive leader
c. participative leader
d. achievement-oriented leader

89. When Roberta meets with the employees to establish challenging goals and expectations for the followers to perform at their highest level, she is performing which of the following leadership styles?
a. directive leader
b. supportive leader
c. participative leader
d. achievement-oriented leader

A Leadership Junkie (Scenario 2)

Carrie is a leadership "junkie." She has read all of the latest popular management texts on leadership and strongly feels that it has improved her ability to manage and perform her job. She is always eager to share her knowledge with her peers, especially emerging issues in leadership and the differences between the ways men and women lead.
90. Carrie stopped Sondra in the lunchroom and just had to tell her about ______________, where followers make claims about heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors.
a. charismatic leadership
b. transactional leadership
c. transformational leadership
d. situational leadership

91. Carrie stopped Perry in the parking lot and just had to tell him about ______________, where leaders guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements.
a. situational leadership
b. transactional leadership
c. transformational leadership
d. attributional leadership

92. Carrie stopped Harry in the hall and just had to tell him about ______________, that is, leadership characterized by enthusiasm, self-confidence, and the ability to influence people to behave in certain ways.
a. charismatic leadership
b. transactional leadership
c. situational leadership
d. attributional leadership

The Team Leader (Scenario)
Carlos has been a team leader for 3 years. As a team leader, he spends a considerable amount of his time performing, as he sees it, about four to five types of functions in support of his team members. This morning he spent 2 hours in budget hearings and another hour meeting with a vendor of an important component and engineering. His team had discovered the problem yesterday and knows it's a critical aspect to the product. On a typical day scenario, he will spend about 30 percent of his day contending with influences from groups both inside and outside the company. This afternoon he is scheduled to meet with the team for 2 hours to consider the vendor's solution offered this morning at the meeting with engineering. Later in the afternoon, he will be mediating a dispute between three team members who are bickering about overtime assignments. The rest of the time, Carlos visits employees at their work area as he walks to or from a meeting, or when he goes out to the floor to "chat" about the day or a change order in tomorrow's shop schedule.

93. While attending the budget meeting and the vendor meeting with engineering this morning, he was performing which of the following roles?
a. conflict manager
b. liaison with external constituencies
c. coach
d. troubleshooter

94. This afternoon when he meets with the team for 2 hours to consider the vendor's solution to the problem they discovered yesterday, he will be performing which of the following roles?
a. conflict manager
b. liaison with external constituencies
c. coach
d. troubleshooter

95. Once he arrives at the meeting to mediate the employees' dispute, he will be performing which of the following roles?
a. conflict manager
b. liaison with external constituencies
c. coach
d. troubleshooter

96. When Carlos is visiting with employees in "chats," he is performing which of the following roles?
a. conflict manager
b. liaison with external constituencies
c. coach
d. troubleshooter

Crazy Powermakers, Inc. (Scenario)
Crazy Powermakers, Inc., was a unique company in that its philosophy was to prevent any one person from having too much power in the company. Therefore, any power found to exist in the company was distributed to someone who did not have any power yet. As a result, Tamera was the person employees went to when disciplinary action had to be taken; Kayse was the supervisor that the employees went to for general decisions that needed to be made; Clay was the person employees went to when they were to receive special recognition; Juan was the person employees went to when knowledge of a topic was needed; and Franklin was the person employees went to when they needed resources or sought his charisma.

97. Tamera held ___________ power.
a. legitimate
b. coercive
c. reward
d. expert

98. Clay held ___________ power.
a. reward
b. legitimate
c. coercive
d. referent

99. Juan held ______________ power.
a. legitimate
b. reward
c. referent
d. expert
A Leadership Junkie (Scenario)

Carrie is a leadership "junkie." She has read all of the latest popular management texts on leadership and strongly feels that it has improved her ability to manage and perform her job. She is always eager to share her knowledge with her peers, especially emerging issues in leadership and the differences between the ways men and women lead.

100. Carrie had to tell Sharon about the findings concerning women and leadership. Sharon was interested in the fact that all but which of the following is true concerning women and leadership?
a. There are differences between how men and women lead.
b. Women utilize a democratic style more than men.
c. Women tend to share power less than men.
d. Women are less likely than men to use a directive style.