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Rifamycin and actinomycin D are two antibiotics derived from the bacterium Streptomyces. Rifamycin binds to the b subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase and interferes with the formation of the first phosphodiester bond in the RNA chain. Actinomycin D bind to double stranded DNA by intercalation (slipping in between neighboring base pairs).
a) Which of the four stages in transcription would you expect rifamycin to affect primarily? Explain why.
b) Which of the four stages in transcription would you expect actinomycin D to affect primarily? Explain why.
c) Which of the two inhibitors is more likely to affect RNA synthesis in cultured human liver cells? Explain why.
d) Which of the two inhibitors would be more useful for an experiment in which it is necessary to block the initiation of new RNA chains without interfering with the elongation of chains that are already being synthesized? Explain why
Recently, use of cleaner fuels has greatly reduced soot in the landscape, and dark-coloured moths have been disappearing. Should the two forms of moths be considered separate species.
how to Calculate the initial velocity. An enzyme with a Km of 0.36 mM was assayed using substrate concentrations of 3 x 10E-7 M, 9.5 x 10E-5 M, 1.5 x 10E-4, 1.16x10E-3, 3 x 10E-3 M, 0.01 M, 0.08 M.
If repressor tetramer uses only two of its subunits to bind to an operator sequence, why is tetramer formation so important to the control of lac operon gene expression.
define how the axonal membrane potential is restored. Describe how resting ionic distributions are maintained.
The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP stores approximately 7.3 kcal per mole o ATP. What is the approximate efficiency of cellular respiration for a "mutant" organism that produces only 29 mole of ATP for every mole of glucose oxidized, rather than ..
Sketch a diagram that illustrates how you would expect the triglyceride and phospholipid molecules to interact with the water. Be sure to indicate structures, if any that might form as a result of these interactions.
A mutant prostist is found in which some mitochondria lack an inner mitochondrial membrane. Which pathways would be completely disrupted in these mitochondria.
Persons who drink sufficient amounts of alcohol show rapid changes in central nervous system function, including both motor and behavioral changes,
Caffeine and alcohol both block the secretion of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland. Describe what this does to fluid balance.
In August 2001, a man walking his dog in Lindley Woods, near Otley, in West Yorkshire, discovered the body of 16-year old Leanne Tiernan, buried in a shallow grave.
A strain of Neurospora with the genotype.
Fluorescently labeled annexin V is mixed with each vesicle preparation. The vesicles are washed to remove unbound annexin V and next examined by fluorescence microscopy. Presence of annexin V is detected by green fluorescence, as shown above. What ca..
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