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Think about the market for vaccines, which we described in class as having a positive consumption externality.
(a) Explain carefully why this is so, especially who else benefits and how.
(b) Define carefully the general meaning of marginal external benefit. Explain how you think the marginal external benefit (MEB) of a vaccine will vary with the quantity of vaccine consumed and why. Draw the curve for the MEB that you have described.
(c) Given the MEB you have described and assuming an upward sloping MPC curve and a downward sloping MPB curve, illustrate the first free market and socially optimal quantities in a supply and demand diagram. Explain in words why these quantities occur and how they compare.
(d) Describe in words and illustrate in the graph a tax or subsidy policy that would result in the socially optimal quantity being produced. Explain in accessible words why the policy would result in the socially optimal quantity of vaccine being consumed.
(e) Define in general the term "internalize the externality" and explain its application in this case. Discuss a policy other than a tax or subidy that could cause individuals to internalize the externality. Explain briefly.
Discuss how the aggregate expenditure function shifts in response to changes in each of time following variables:
Field discusses the key threats to sustainable management of forests and agricultural resources. First summarize these threats. Then,
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Answer the following questions on the basis of the monopolist's situation illustrated in the following graph.
Explain how an individual's Demand curve for medical care will change (i.e., shift) if the following things happen (consider each change individually, holding all other possible influences constant.
Demonstrate that removing the subsidy will make consumers worse off but will nevertheless improve society's economic welfare.
Assume that the following information about the economy is correct. The potential GDP is 3 percent. Real GDP has fallen at a minus two percent rate in the last 12 months.
Assume you hire a furloughed Wall Street analyst to aid you examine your production process, and she uses your historical cost records to estimate that your total cost function is C(Q) = 100 + 2Q + 3.5Q2. Using this equation, answer the following ..
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A firm has offices in London and New York. Fractional units of labor can be employed in each location (as part-timers can be hired) and the headquarters could be in either city.
Assume that the nominal wage rate equals 60. In the short-run, aggregate demand and aggregate supply are equal at a price level of 1.0.
What distinguishes money from other assets in the economy? What are demand deposits, and why should they be included in the stock of money?
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