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1. How do the semicircular canals determine the direction of acceleration of the head?a. The otoliths deflect hair cell cilia preferentially in one directionb. The ampullae deflect hair cell cilia preferentially in one direction c.c. The input from the three semicircular canals, each oriented in a different plane, are compared d.d.The input from the outer and the inner ampullar hair cells are compared2. Why is the eardrum larger in area than the oval window? (One answer only)a. It allows for sound localization (determining where a sound is coming from) due to the difference in vibration amplitude between the two membranesb.The eardrum responds better to lower frequencies, while the oval window responds better to higher frequencies c.c.The eardrum responds better to higher frequencies, while the oval window responds better to lower frequencies d.d.It allows for amplification of vibrations between the eardrum and the fluid of the inner ear
3. Choose all answers that apply: What are the cues that the auditory system uses to determine the location of a sound source?
a.Distortion of sound due to the shape of the pinnab.Direction of K+ current in hair cells c.c.Location of maximal vibration of the cochlear basilar membrane d.d.Intensity differences in sound between each ear e.e.Time differences between sound waves reaching one ear vs. the other
4. Why is there efferent innervation from the central nervous system the outer hair cells? (One answer only)a.This allows outer hair cells to send signals directly to the inner hair cellsb. This allows for amplification of cochlear membrane vibrations, modulated by feedback from the central nervous system cc. This allows for sound localization (determining which direction a sound is coming from) by inter-aural time difference d.d.This allows for sound localization (determining which direction a sound is coming from) by inter-aural intensity difference
Can you imagine any potential advantage that would result from the duplication of a region of a chromosome? Briefly explain what/why.
Consider the use of the Punnett square or your knowledge of meiosis. Explain how the evidence DNA profile and knowing the DNA profile of an offspring can lead to a parent as a suspect. Discuss difference between a genotype and a phenotype.
Why is the inheritance of mutant, activated oncogenes responsible for only a small proportion of familial cancer syndromes, while the inheritance of defective tumor suppressor genes is responsible for the lion's share of these diseases?
make a discussion on the feasibility of using methylation analysis
A plasmid digest with BamHI produced 2 kb and 4 kb fragments. Digest of a plasmid with HindIII produced 6 kb fragment. Double digest with both enzymes produced 1 kb, 2 kb and 3 kb fragments. Sketch a plasmid map.
Rabbits heterozygous for Pelger trait and exhibiting that phenotype are crossed. The offspring appear in a 2:1 ratio (Pelger : normal). Explain this strange ratio.
How many pairs of genes regulating tail length character. Adding of H+ or OH- to a reaction increased its overall rate indicating the rate limiting step was the addition of H+ or OH- to the intermediate. Is this really true? Why or why not.
The very simple genotype-phenotype relationship of dominance, codominance and recessiveness has been complicated by issues of penetrance and epistatsis.
In another population of butterflies, you do a survey and find that out of 5000 individuals you examine, only 4 had curly antennae. What would you expect the frequency of heterozygotes to be in this population? What about the frequency of homozygo..
Create the action potential of a skeletal muscle cell and the action potential of a ventricular myocyte. Be sure to label the phases and the ions that are mediating the change in electrical potential.
Compute the minimum length nucleotide sequence you need before you can expect a match to either strand to be unique, under the naïve assumption.
they must then demonstrate that the pathogen will not harm desirable species such as soybeans ( a close relative to kudzo). Describe an experiment that could fulfil this purpose, including all steps of the scientific method, Identify control(s) de..
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