Describe one chronic disease

Reference no: EM131277191

Part -1:

Written Assignment

Anticipatory socialization prepares us for changes in role or status. Remembering that unanticipated changes are more stressful, discuss, in a 3-5 page paper, how you would undertake anticipating age-related changes and planning for your own well-being as you age. Include the following:

1. At what stage of adulthood, based on Super's description, are you now? When do you think you will be at the last stage he lists, "retirement?"

2. If and when you retire from work, how much money will you need? You need not share detailed personal information with the instructor, especially if you feel this question intrudes on your privacy. Just an estimate will do, and you might want to estimate as a proportion of your current or anticipated (at mid-career) income now. Where do you think the money will come from? Do you believe that Social Security will provide part of what you can expect as income?

3. Define leisure activity for you now. Explain why you see these activities as leisure rather than work. How do you see your leisure activity changing as you age? What will determine any changes you expect might happen?

4. What type of environment would you seek out to live in as you get older? This may be a very broad question, but since environment is defined in so many dimensions by people, just identify your picture of a place you'd like to live in when you get older (i.e. geographical region; proximity to family; age-integrated community...). Describe how you would go about deciding this.

5. Discuss any other areas that you think should be included in your anticipatory socialization plan.

6. Define productivity for you. Estimate how productive you believe you will be and what your productivity will consist of, when you are in the last stage of Super's stages of adult life.

As usual, please write the paper and cite all of your sources using APA or MLA format.

Part -2:

The purpose of this assignment is to help you become more aware of the services for aging adults that are available in your community, and to encourage you to make direct contact with selected providers and consumers of these services. Of particular interest here is the recognition that basic services for all community residents are the backbone of what is needed by older adults as well.

Start with those basic elements of your community environment before going on to more specialized services designed solely for its older residents. Using this information, write a 5-8 page paper in which you:

1. Describe your community as to location, geography, size, transportation, recreational, economic, cultural, and demographic characteristics, including the break-down of various age groups in the population.

2. Conduct a survey of your community's services, both general and specific to aging people. You may find it helpful to start with your town/city/county/local area Agency on Aging websites (information about how to access these can be found under "Readings and Resources" for this lesson). You may include any number of services in your survey. I suggest that you present information in table format to shorten the paper. For each service, give available information about eligibility requirements, fees, and type(s) of services provided. You may find it difficult to get some of the information you are looking for, and if so, this experience is important to describe in your paper, too (consider that the consumer probably has less skill that you do in searching, and will probably not find it either).

3. Conduct interviews with at least six people. The following breakdown is suggested:
- 3 people aged 65 and older
- 2 health care professionals
- 1 administrator of a community service for older adults

4. Structure your interviews to obtain the following information:

a. For the older adults:
i. Does the person being interviewed know about the services you found on your survey?
ii. Have they used any of these services?
iii. Would they use or refuse services in the future?
iv. What problems do they perceive with aging-related issues now or in the future?
v. Where would they go for help should they need it?
vi. What are their hopes and fears for the future?
vii. How well is the community responding to the needs of its elders?
viii. What is needed that is not available?
ix. Who should provide for these unmet needs?
x. What can older members of the community contribute to the community?

b. For providers and administrator:
i. What problems do they perceive with aging-related services now or in the future?
ii. How well is the community responding to the needs of its elders?
iii. What is needed that is not available?
iv. Who should lead the effort to evaluate needs and services for older adults?
v. Who should plan for meeting these needs?
vi. Who should pay for services to meets the needs of aging adults in the community?

c. Comment on whether the responses to questions a-ix (older adults) and b-vi (providers and administrator) fit with your impressions of how U.S. policy is currently written.

5. Based on your assessment findings, summarize the positive and negative aspects of the quality of life for older adults who live in your community.

As usual, please use your text and additional required materials, as well as any other sources, as needed, to write this paper. Be sure to cite the sources you use by applying either APA or MLA formats. Notethat you should, in order to preserve the confidentiality of people you interview, not use their real names in your paper.

Part -3:

On December 2, 2010, the federal Public Health Service announced a release of the newest document in this series, Healthy People 2020. This document sets health objectives for the nation for the next 10 years. Access this website by typing https://healthypeople.gov into your browser. This will take you to the HP2020 home page. There are tabs across the top of the home page that will take you anywhere you want to go in this rather extensive document. Access and read "About Healthy People" first, and then return to the home page and click on the topics and objectives tab. You will find a list of topics, some of which are designated as "new" in red. Click on any topic, and the objectives related to that topic will come up. Then, click on "details" next to any objective to obtain baseline and target information, as well as data sources for the data that will be used to determine whether the baseline (our existing health statistic information) and target (the improvement expected over the next ten years in that statistic).

This is a large document, and you can explore it by reading the material accessed through the tabs on the home page, as well as links imbedded throughout the document. Pick the topics you are most interested in and feel would be most relevant to your search for information. For example, looking at topics r/t common causes of death and illness and those that impact the whole population, but are of particular interest because they lead to illnesses with a large impact on older adults (many of these are chronic diseases such as heart disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer, etc.) would make the most sense-but nobody could look at all of the data available here for one paper, so you'll need to personalize your interest areas and focus there. Be sure to include something about determinants of health (which you will find in several areas) and can search for specifically by using the window at the top right of the home page to type in a specific determinant--for example, exercise-- and an age group). Quality of life is also discussed in several places, including in the topic related to older adults.

You will probably not be able to read all of this report-but as you choose topics to explore further from the list provided, you will find the needed information to help you understand and discuss the health and health needs of the nation and your community in the required paper. Be sure to include:

1) A discussion of the relationships between quality of life and health improvement.

2) A list & definition of "determinants of health" for all people, with an emphasis on older adults.

3) Evaluation of the level of health of our country as a whole, your community, and the level of health that you as an individual have achieved. In order to complete this, you will want to look at the Health Indicators discussed on the HP website. You will also have to do more research about your state and community's health indicators using the text and websites for your state and community in order to complete this section of the assignment.

4) Be sure to address health disparities within the country and community in your response.

As usual, please write this paper using APA or MLA guidelines, and be sure to cite all sources you use to write it.

Part -4:

Write a 3-5 page paper in which you:

1. Describe one chronic disease that appears in older life and identify risk factors known to be involved in its development.

2. Estimate the likelihood that you could get this disease as you age based on your personal risk factors and the prevalence of the disease.

3. Describe prevention of this disease on primary, secondary, and tertiary levels.

4. Discuss the age at which primary prevention for this disease should begin.

As usual, please use your text and additional required materials, as well as other sources, as needed, to write this paper. Be sure to cite the sources you use by applying either APA or MLA formats.

Reference no: EM131277191

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Reviews

inf1277191

12/13/2016 4:39:12 AM

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inf1277191

12/13/2016 4:38:08 AM

Bob worked at the automobile plant until his retirement at age 65 in 1987. A company pension and Social Security supported him and his wife comfortably. Bob Jr., born in 1964, joined his father at the automobile plant after High School, but a lay-off related to foreign competition led to loss of that job only three years later. After a long and difficult job-search for another auto manufacturing job in this economically depressed industry, Bob Jr. left to find work in Georgia. He eventually found a machine operator position in a small metal fabrication plant at less than a third of the pay he got at the unionized auto plant, and with few benefits. By the time his son, Bob III was born in 1990, Bob Jr. realized that he had to upgrade his skills to keep his job, and attended the local Junior College to learn new computer skills he needed to move into a higher level job in metal fabrication design. Bob Jr. was now convinced that there would be no company pension in his future, and soon began hearing that even Social Security might be in trouble before he could collect it.

inf1277191

12/13/2016 4:37:33 AM

As the work force has more education, and white-collar are jobs more common, perhaps increasing job-satisfaction will make the picture a pleasant one for most. This work force must also be able to compete with those from other nations, as well, as even white-collar and service jobs are being exported to developing nations. For example, some managed-care health insurance companies are starting to pay for surgery done in countries like India, and Chinese computer programmers are providing services for American businesses. Let’s look at four generations of the Smith family to illustrate the changes we have seen to date: Bob Smith was born on a small family dairy farm, but left in 1962 to take a unionized job building automobiles in Detroit. His father died 10 years later in a tractor accident at age 70, leaving his mother in poor health, and with no recourse other than to sell the farm (of course, since her husband was self-employed, there was no Social Security for her, and the farm had been failing financially for a number of years—leaving more debt than profit when sold). Bob’s mother moved in with him until her death several years later.

inf1277191

12/13/2016 4:37:16 AM

For one thing, we can see that the number of younger workers available after the Baby Boomers leave the workforce will probably be too small to fill available jobs. Also, much of the hard physical labor related to manufacturing has either been dramatically changed by technology or moved offshore through a global economy that exports heavy industry to developing nations. Manufacturing jobs that remain require sophisticated technical skills, and do not pay as well as similar jobs did in the past. American workers are now needed to fill mostly knowledge-related and service occupations. Both of these require more education and less muscle than the old list of job categories. In addition, business practices have led to a virtual elimination of pensions for most workers, and Social Security is predicted to run out of money in the next few decades if not adjusted in some way. To summarize the situation that we are rapidly moving into: jobs of the future will increasingly be done by available and healthy older workers, and those workers will probably need the money they can earn through this work.

inf1277191

12/13/2016 4:36:55 AM

In three or four generations, we have gone from a time when many people didn’t live long enough to plan for retirement at age 55, 62, or 65—and when most couldn’t afford to do so—through years when chronological age was the determinant of (and sometimes mandated) leaving work, into today’s world where there are strong incentives for older workers to either stay on the job longer or find new jobs, perhaps even whole new occupations, in their older years. In our recent history, fixed benefit retirement plans, along with social security, funded the transition from work to retirement. This was especially true for employees of large corporations and blue-collar workers who were loyal union workers and whose work involved hard physical labor. Interestingly, Social Security was first offered as an incentive for older people to retire during the Great Depression of the 1920’s and 30’s, so that jobs would be available for younger workers. How has our situation changed in the 70 years since its implementation?

inf1277191

12/13/2016 4:36:46 AM

The life/work pattern suggested by Super is changing fast, however, because of factors such as an increasing life-span and a dramatically morphing demographic picture in the U.S. Expectations of moving through life in a straight line (linear pattern) are being revised dramatically. At this point, we should be reminded that the linear pattern we have become used to is a fairly new idea. In fact, futurist Ken Dychtwald (1999) describes ways in which the traditional cyclical pattern is evolving into a much more flexible one, including career changes during the middle and older years, planned “sabbaticals from work” and continuing employment long after the “usual” time of retirement.

inf1277191

12/13/2016 4:36:34 AM

The path through these stages by any given individual involves refining and updating expectations based on ongoing experiences. Changes in the level of job satisfaction occur, usually in a cyclical pattern that is not related to age alone. A large body of research on job satisfaction informs us of the following: 1) higher satisfaction tends to increase with age—perhaps because people have either revised their expectations or finally found the job they truly enjoy; 2) people who chose their type of work and like what they do tend to stay with that work; 3) white-collar workers tend to experience increasing job satisfaction with time, while blue-collar workers tend not to, and; 4) type of job and other personal responsibilities outside of work that occur at different stages can alter the relationship between age and job satisfaction (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2006).

inf1277191

12/13/2016 4:36:21 AM

The process of entering and leaving the world of work includes events that start in early adulthood and continue throughout most of our adult lives. Super (1980) proposes that adulthood is divided into five stages that people move through as they age. Implementation—Late teens to early 20’s when a series of temporary jobs teach basic work skills & suggest career choices. Establishment—From selection of a specific occupation through “moving up the “occupational ladder” in one’s chosen career. Maintenance—A period of transition as work efficiency is maximized and when family and other roles partially replace focus on the work role. Deceleration—Plans for retirement begin to be formulated. Retirement—When full-time employment stops.

inf1277191

12/13/2016 4:35:34 AM

WHAT IS PRODUCTIVE AGING? Productivity is a measure of the outcomes of paid or unpaid activities that can include goods and services of benefit to society, or ability to meet personal needs. The range of productive activities is wide, and we will consider a number of them in this lesson, starting with what most would consider the most obviously productive activity, paid employment. Paid Employment Picture a social function where people are milling around, each juggling a drink and a plate of nibbles. The correct thing to do is to “circulate,” introduce yourself, and chat for a moment with a series of total strangers. As you walk up to a pleasant looking young man, what is the first and safest thing to say? After introducing yourself to him, isn’t the natural question to ask is “What do you do?” This little scenario helps to point out that what we do for work is important to our identity and self-concept. What a person does for a living tends to describe a big chunk of their public identity, and can color their entire life. It can affect how friends are met, their choice of wardrobe, and the types of social activities they pursue.

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