Reference no: EM132191619
Question - A 155 lb., 60-year-old man had a chronic productive cough, exertional dyspnea, mild cyanosis, and marked slowing of forced expiration. His pulmonary function and laboratory tests follow:
Frequency
|
15 breaths/min
|
Alveolar ventilation
|
4.1 L/min
|
Vital capacity (VC)
|
2.2 L
|
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
|
4.0 L
|
Total lung capacity (TLC)
|
5.2 L
|
Maximum inspiratory flow rate
|
252 L/min
|
Maximum expiratory flow rate
|
21 L/min
|
PaO2
|
63 mm Hg
|
PaCO2
|
38 mm Hg
|
Pulmonary function tests after bronchodilator therapy:
Frequency
|
15 breaths/min
|
Alveolar ventilation
|
4.25 L/min
|
VC
|
2.4 L
|
FRC
|
4.0 L
|
TLC
|
5.2 L
|
Maximum inspiratory flow rate
|
252 L/min
|
Maximum expiratory flow rate
|
24 L/min
|
PaO2
|
63 mm Hg
|
PaCO2
|
37 mm Hg
|
Q1: What is the disorder of this man?
Q2: Is this mainly a restrictive or an obstructive disorder? Explain.
Q3: Why is the bronchodilator therapy ineffective for this patient?
Q4: What causes the hypoxemia?
Q5: Calculate the residual volume (RV) for this person before and after the bronchodilator therapy. RV = TLC - VC.
Q6: What is the cause of this altered RV?
Q7: Calculate the tidal volume (TV) for this person before and after the bronchodilator therapy. TV = AV/f + patient body weight. Hint: TV is calculated in mL, so you will need to convert L to mL before completing the equation.
Q8: Is each TV normal or altered?
Q9: Calculate the minute ventilation (MV) for this person before and after the bronchodilator therapy. MV = TV × f.
Q10: Is each MV normal or altered?