Broadly categorize the genes involved in tumorigenesis

Assignment Help English
Reference no: EM131119514

Need orignal work : No copy paste

Cancer Biology - Summer 2016 Exam #1

Each question is worth 16 points.  Your complete answer to each question (this includes all subparts of the question) should be no longer than 2 pages double-spaced.  I will consider your answer complete at the end of the 2nd page and not read beyond this length.   Your exam should be no more than 6 pages in total, outside of the exceptions noted below.

Please cite references (text for this course, original primary literature, and/or review articles) to support your answer. References should follow the reference style of "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals" (https://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html) and be cited where they are used, not just in a running bibliography at the end of the exam.  References do not count in the page length.  Figures may also be included and do not count in the page length, but must be adequately explained in the text.  Formatting for your document should include 12-point font and 1 inch margins.  

2. Genetic basis of cancer

2.) Read the paper by Stehelin, et al. (Nature, 1976) in eReserves.  Prior to this paper, there were three competing hypotheses about the origins of cancer in humans.  Cancer was thought to be directly caused by viral infection, exogenous agents (smoking, pollution, etc.) or in rare cases where there was a family history, a genetic component was acknowledged.  From the results in this paper, the "oncogene hypothesis" was born and we now know "cancer is a genetic disease."  Explain the key discovery in this paper (8 points) and how this accelerated our understanding of the origins of cancer (8 points).

3. Genes involved in tumorigenesis

a.) How do we broadly categorize the genes involved in tumorigenesis? Compare and contrast these two categories with regard to number of hits to activate/inactivate, types of events leading to activation or inactivation, and functions of proteins encoded by the genes (8 points).

p53 and pRb are two important proteins involved in tumorigenesis.  Please explain: 

b.) How each of these proteins works to constrain cell proliferationc.) The physiological stresses or inputs that impact p53 and pRb signaling.

In your explanation also include: 

d.) An example of how each protein is activated (molecules upstream) and the downstream consequences of this and converselye.) What inactivates (molecules upstream) the protein and the downstream consequences of the protein being inactivated 

(8 pts each for p53 and pRb, 2 pts from each of the four parts).  

4. Immortalization

a.) Describe the steps necessary for a cell to become "immortal."  Include in your description the molecular alterations correlated with the steps in this process.

b.) Based on your knowledge of how the genes involved in cancer become activated and inactivated, describe why the breakage-fusion-breakage cycles could lead to a growth advantage for cells on the path from normal to cancer.

c.) Explain the consequences of these breakage-fusion-breakage cycles on the subsequent population of cancer cells.

Reference no: EM131119514

Questions Cloud

Assume that amigos burrito sells some franchises : Given the nature of Amigos Burrito's agreement with its franchisees, when should revenue be recognized? Discuss the question of revenue recognition for both the initial franchise fee and the additional monthly fee of 2% of sales, and give illustrativ..
Create a pseudocode program using notepad : Second, create a pseudocode program using Notepad++ to solve this problem. Third, create the program with RAPTOR Third, create the program with RAPTOR.
Define what diversity means to you : Define what diversity means to you Relate the importance of diversity to the criminal justice system and
What are the major factors that determine the value : What are the major factors that determine the value of a firm’s stock?
Broadly categorize the genes involved in tumorigenesis : Each question is worth 16 points.  Your complete answer to each question (this includes all subparts of the question) should be no longer than 2 pages double-spaced.
Describe how laundry detergent brands can develop customer : For your discussion, describe how laundry detergent brands can develop customer relationships and create lasting customer value. Share your thoughts on strategies that can be implemented to develop customer loyalty. Be Specific! Then provide thoug..
What are the characteristics of my customers : Alton Simmons, owner of Alton's Tire Service, suspects that some of his slow-paying customers are draining cash from his business. Although his credit terms are 30 days, Alton discovers that his average collection period ratio is 58 days. His aver..
Why do you think the bondholders wanted to block : Why do you think the bondholders wanted to block this transaction? What arguments can you make for and against the bondholders' case?
Explain the difference between direct and indirect costs : Explain the difference between direct and indirect costs for a healthcare organization. Provide and discuss at least one example of a direct cost in health care and one example of an indirect cost in health care.

Reviews

Write a Review

 

English Questions & Answers

  What is the analysis and the description of the theme

What is the analysis and the description of the theme in the Japanese short story the bonfire

  Research essay on social coformity protects public health

Research essay on social coformity protects public health. Do you agree

  Write annotated bibliography paper about the given article

Write an annotated bibliography paper about the article "The state of the science of emotional intelligence related tonursing leadership: an integrative review".

  Dickinson uses a metaphor that compares hope to a bird

dickinson uses a metaphor that compares hope to a bird. where does the bird perch? under what conditions has the

  How a horse collar a family dynamics

How a horse collar a family dynamics and can you give me ideas on the effects on location?

  Describe frictions between conceptions of canadian society

Describe some of the frictions or tensions between these two conceptions of Canadian society. Are these two models compatible?

  Comparison-contrast essay

Comparison-Contrast Essay

  Building upon the analytical skills

Building upon the analytical skills learned in the previous unit, the rhetorical analysis asks students to consider the persuasive elements or structural features used to create or enhance textual meaning.

  Lifestyles and values

Do the eight categories capture the essence of most people, or are there lifestyles and values that fall outside these categories? If so, would these other kinds of people be of interest to advertisers?

  Explain the statement how i plan my daily activities

Directions:Write a one-paragraph composition entitled "How I Plan My Daily Activities", Begin the paragraph with the topic sentence: "I plan my daily activities carefully

  Valuate the nature of the apparent pollutants

Based on your evaluation of the virtual field trip found in the lab, evaluate the nature of the apparent pollutants in the small stream contained in the field trip.

  Compose a full response to the following question adapted

compose a full response to the following question adapted from the joy of reading and writing superman and me by

Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd