When a body is heated, it expands in terms of area, length & temperature and volume rises. In a solid, molecules may only have thermal agitation. As temperature of a object increases, the vibrations of molecules will goes fast and due to this the rate of collision among neighboring molecules increases, it creates a thermal stress in the body and due to this the intermolecular separation increases which results in thermal expansion of object. At simple temperatures, the atoms in a solid oscillate about their equilibrium position with amplitude of approximately 10-11 m. The average spacing between the atoms is about 10-10 m. As the heat of solid increases, the atoms oscillate with bigger amplitudes, as a result the average separation between them increases. In the similar way the block diagram shown in diagram illustrates the way how thermal expansion takes place.
Thermal expansion of a substance can be classified in three broad categories; these are (i) Linear Expansion (ii) Superficial Expansion and (iii) Cubical Expansion or Volume Expansion
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