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It is an optical instrument used to see very small bodies. Its magnifying energy is provided by

2251_Optical instruments.png

Simple microscope

(i) It is a one convex lens of smaller focal length.

(ii) Also known as reading lens or magnifying glass.

(iii) Magnification's, when final image is formed at

1639_Optical instruments1.png

2048_Optical instruments2.png

(iv) If lens is placed at a distance a from the eye then 568_Optical instruments3.png

Compound microscope

(i) Having of two converging lenses called objective and eye lens.

(ii) feye lence > fobjective

            and (diameter)eye lence > (diameter)objective

(iii) Intermediate picture is actual and enlarged.

(iv) Final picture is virtual, magnified and inverted.

1088_Optical instruments4.png

(v) uo= Distance of object from objective(o), vo = Distance of image (A'B') formed by objective from objective, ue = Distance of A'B' from eye lens, ve  = Distance of final image from eye lens, fo = Focal length of objective, fe = Focal length of eye lens.

(vi) Final image is formed at ∞: Magnification 893_Optical instruments5.png and length of the microscope tube (distance between two lenses) is L= uo + ve .

Generally object is placed very near to the principal focus of the objective hence uo≡fo  . The eye piece is also of small focal length and the image formed by the objective is also near to the eye piece.

            So vo≡ LD , the length of the tube.

Hence, we can write 1122_Optical instruments6.png

(vii) Final image is formed at : magnification 2273_Optical instruments7.png  and length of tube  L∞ = v+ fe

            In terms of length 616_Optical instruments8.png

(viii) For larger magnification of the compound microscope, both f0  and f should be small.

(ix) If the size of the tube of microscope increases, then its magnifying power increases.

(x) The magnifying energy of the compound microscope may be expressed as M = mo *  m; where me is the magnification of the objective and me is magnifying power of eye piece.

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