Interrupts, traps and software interrupts
An interrupt is the signal generated by a hardware device (generally an I/O device) to get the attention of CPU. Interrupt transfers control to interrupt service routine (ISR), usually through the interrupt vector table, which comprises of the addresses of all the service routines. The interrupt service routine executes when the completion of the CPU resumes the interrupted computation. Interrupt architecture should store the address of the interrupted instruction. Incoming interrupts are then disabled while another interrupt is being processed to prevent the lost interrupt. The operating system is interrupt driven software.
A trap (or an exception) is a software-generated by the interrupt caused either by an error or by the user request for the operating system service.
A signal is an event generated to attain an attention of the process. An instance of a signal is the event which is generated when you run the program and press <Ctrl-C> then. The signal generated in this particular case is called SIGINT (Interrupt signal). Three actions are possible on a signal which is as follows:
1. Kernel-defined default action-which generally results in the process termination and, in some of the cases, generation of a 'core' file which can be used the programmer/user to know the state or condition of the process at the time of its termination.
2. Process can intercept the signal as well as ignore it.
3. Process can intercept the signal as well as can take a programmer-defined action.
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