Current Electricity Assignment Help

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Definition : The time rate of low of charge through any cross-section is called current. 1507_Current Electricity.png . If flow is uniform then i = Q/t. Current is a scalar value. Its S.I. unit is ampere (A) and C.G.S. unit is emu and is called biot (Bi), or ab ampere. 1A = (1/10) Bi (ab amp.)

Ampere: of current means the flow of 6.25*108 electrons/sec through any cross-section of the conductor.

The conventional direction of current is taken to be the direction of flow of positive charged particle, i.e. field and is opposite to the direction of flow of negative charge as shown below.

1893_Current Electricity1.png

The total charge in a current carrying conductor is zero.

For a given conductor current does not change with change in cross-sectional area. In the given diagram

201_Current Electricity2.png

 

Current due to translatory motion of charge: If n particle each occupy a charge q, goes through a given area in time t then

If n particles each having a charge q pass per second per unit area, the current related with cross-sectional area A is i = nqA

If there are n atoms per unit volume each occupy a charge q and moving with velocity v, the current thorough, cross-section A is i = nqvA.

Types of current

Alternating Current (ac)

Direct Current (dc)

(i) Magnitude and direction both changes with time

2125_Current Electricity3.png

(i)

215_Current Electricity4.png

(ii) Shows heating effect only

(ii) Shows chemical effect, heating effect and magnetic effect of current

(iii) It's symbol is

2269_Current Electricity5.png


 

(iii) It's symbol is

716_Current Electricity6.png

 

 

Current due to rotatory motion of charge: If a point charge q is moving in a circle of radius r with speed v then related current

 

312_Current Electricity7.png

Current carriers: The charged particles whose flow in a definite direction constitutes the electric current are called current carriers. In separate positions current carriers are different.

810_Current Electricity8.png

(i)  Solids: In metal conductors current carriers are free electrons.

(ii) Liquids: In liquids current goes are positive and negative ions.

(iii) Gases: In gases current takes are positive ions and free electrons.

(iv)  Semi conductor: In semi conductors current occupy are holes and free electrons.

 

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