All transition elements exhibit a characteristic property of complex ion formation. Compounds containing the complex ions are called as coordination compounds. The branch of chemistry in which the coordination compounds are studied is called as co-ordination chemistry.
The Double Salts and Co-ordination Compounds.
When the solutions of two or more stable compounds are mixed in the stoichiometric (simple molecular) proportions new crystalline compounds known as molecular or addition compounds are formed. These are of two types,
(1) Double salts,
(2) The Co-ordination or Complex compounds
(1) Double salts : Addition compounds, are stable in solid state. Dissociate to form ions in aqueous solution as such give test for each constituent ion.
|
Double Salt
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Responds test for the ions
|
|
Carnalite :
KCl.MgCl2.6H2O
|
K+, Mg2+, Cl-
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|
Potash alum :
K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O
|
K+, Al3+, SO42-
|
(2) Co-ordination or Complex compounds : Addition compound, stable in the solid state. It retains their identity even in solution. The central metal ion form dative or coordinate bond with species surrounding it (ligands). Examples are stated in the table given below :
|
Complex compound
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Cation
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Anion
|
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[Cu(NH3)4]SO4
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[Cu(NH3)4]2+
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SO42-
|
|
K2[PtF6]
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2K+
|
[PtF6]2-
|
|
[Co(NH3)6][Cr(CN3)6]
|
[Co(NH3)6]2+
|
[Cr(CN)6]3-
|
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