Communication Links
In a network nodes are connected through links. The communication through links can be categorized as
1. Simplex: Communication can take place only in single direction. eg. T.V broadcasting.
2. Half-duplex: Communication can take place in one direction at a time. assume node A and B are connected then half-duplex communication means that at a time data can flow from A to B or from B to A but not at the same time. eg. Two persons talking to each other such that when one speaks the other listens and vice versa.
3. Full-duplex: Communication can take place concurrently in mutually directions. eg. A discussion in a group without order.
Links can be further classified as
1. Point to Point: In this communication only two nodes are connected to each other.
In this when a system sends a packet then it can be received only by the system on the other side and none else.
2. Multipoint: It is a kind of sharing communication, in which signals can be received by all system. This is known as broadcast.
Normally two kinds of problems are associated in transmission of signals.
1. Attenuation: When a signal transmits in a network then the quality of signal becomes low as the signal travels large distances in the wire. This is called attenuation. To pick up quality of signal amplifiers are used at regular distances.
2. Noise: In a communication channel many signals transmit at the same time , certain random signals are also present in the enviroment. Due to interference of these signals our signal gets disrupted a bit.
Bandwidth
Bandwidth merely means how many bits can be transmitted per second in the communication medium. In technical terms it indicates the width of frequency spectrum.
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