Analog data to digital signal:
The process is known as digitization. Sampling frequency have to be at least double that of highest frequency present in the signal so that it can be quite regenerated. Quantization - Max and Min values of amplitude in the sample are noted. Depending on number of bits (say n) we use we divide the interval (min,max) into 2(^n) number of levels. The amplitude is then must be approximated to the closest level by a 'n' bit integer. The digital signal therefore consists of blocks of 'n' bits.On reception the procedure is reversed to produce analog signal. But a bunch of data can be lost if fewer bits are used or sampling frequency not so high.
- Pulse code modulation (PCM): Here intervals are evenly spaced. 8-bit PCB which uses 256 different levels of amplitude. In non-linear encoding levels it may be unevenly spaced.
- Delta Modulation (DM): Since successive samples do not differ very much we send the differences between previous and present sample. It requires smaller number bits than in PCM.
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