Addressing Scheme, Network Layer Assignment Help

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Addressing Scheme

IP addresses are of four bytes and consist of:

i) The network address, followed by ii) The host address

The 1st part identifies a network on which the host resides and the 2nd part identifies the meticulous host on the given network. A few nodes which have more than 1 interface to a network must be assigned different internet addresses for each interface. This multi-layer addressing makes it more easier to find and deliver data to the destination end. A fixed size for all of these would lead to wastage or under-usage that is either there will be  a lot of network addresses and a small number of hosts in each (which causes troubles for routers who route based on the network address) or there will be very little network addresses and lots of hosts (which will be a misuse for small network requirements). Therefore, we do away with any idea of fixed sizes for the network and host addresses.

We classify networks as follows:

1. Large Networks: Eight bit network address and twenty four bit host address. There are approximately sixteen million hosts per network and a utmost of 126 ( 2^7 - 2 ) Class A networks can be defined. The computation requires that to be subtracted because 0.0.0.0 is kept for use as the default route and 127.0.0.0 be kept for the loop back  function.  Furthermore  each  Class  A  network  can  hold up  a  maximum  of 16,777,214 (2^24 - 2) hosts per network. The host computation requires that to be subtracted because all zeros are reserved to identify the network itself and all 1s are kept  for broadcast  addresses. The reserved  numbers  could not  be assigned to individual hosts.

2.  Medium  Networks:  sixteen bit  network  address  and  sixteen bit  host  address.  There  are about 65000 hosts per network and a utmost of 16,384 (2^14) Class B networks can be defined with up to (2^16-2) hosts per network.

3. Small networks: twenty four bit network address and eight bit host address. There are approximately two hundred fifty hosts per network.

One may think that Large and Medium networks are kind of a waste as few corporations and organizations are big enough to have 65000 different hosts. (Incidentally, there are very little corporations in the world with yet close to 65000 employees, and even in these corporations it is extremely unlikely that each employee has his or her own computer linked to the network.) Well, if you think so then you're right. This decision seems to have been a fault.

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