Relative Electrical Permittivity Assignment Help

Electrostatics - Relative Electrical Permittivity

Relative Electrical Permittivity

When the charges are situated in a medium other than free space (vacuum or air) the force between them is given by 

Fm = 1/ 4π ∈ x q1 q2 / r2 
 
Where ∈ is called absolute electrical permittivity of the intervening medium.

The force between the same two charges held the same distance apart in vacuum is 

~Fo= 1 / 4π ∈0 q1 q2 / r2

Where ∈ is called absolute electrical permittivity of the intervening medium.

The force between the same two charges held the same distance apart in vacuum is 

~F0= 1 / 4π ∈0 / q1 q2 / r2

Dividing (i2) by (11) we get

~F0/ Fm = ∈/∈0 = ∈r or K 

Where ∈r is called relative electrical permittivity of the medium. It is also called dielectric constant of the medium and is denoted by K.

From (13), we may define dielectric constant of a medium as the ratio of absolute electrical permittivity of the medium to the absolute electrical permittivity of free space.

Also dielectric constant of a medium may be defined as the ratio of force of attraction/repulsion between two point charges, held the same distance apart in the medium.

The value of K depends only on the nature of medium.

For example for vacuum K = 1.00000; for air K = 1.006; for hydrogen K = 1.00026; for glass k = 3 to 4; Formica K = 3 to 6; for water k = 81 and so on.

Form (13) ∈ = ∈0K

Using it in (11), Fm = 1 / 4π∈0K / q1 q2 / r2 = F0 / K

Thus force between two given charges held a given distance apart in water (K = 81) is only 1/81 of the force between them in air / vacuum.

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